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« Previous SpeciesZingiber chrysanthum    Next SpeciesZingiber zerumbet »

Plant Compounds of Zingiber officinale , the Ginger

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Liliopsida
Order:  Zingiberales
Family:  Zingiberaceae
Genus:  Zingiber
Author:  Roscoe
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Erler  1988 
 
        11-2Kt  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Queensland, Australia  rhizome 
        3-carene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6Ald  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        7Ac  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9Hy  0.27 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-farnesene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  1.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  3.54 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  3.89 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        anethole  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  5.92 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  1.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  11.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.42 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  1.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  13.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene hydrate  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  1.51 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.51 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta5-2me6me-7Ald  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta5-2me6me-7OH  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  7.49 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  5.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  1.94 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  1.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.49 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl heptenone  1.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  2.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  4.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nonan-2-ol  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  1.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        toluene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  1.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Pellerin  1994 
 
        alpha-zingiberene  3.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Australia  oil 
        ar-curcumene  5.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrol  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  13.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  7.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  5.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Bartley  1994 
 
        10Ald  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Yandina, Queensland, Australia  rhizome 
        3me-6OH  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6Ald  0.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6-paradol  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6-shogaol  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-bisabolene  10.83 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-bisabolol  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.93 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  25.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        aramodendrenol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  2.73 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  1.63 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  8.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.71 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2.99 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  25.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.66 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isobornyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  2.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingerone  0.64 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chen  1987 
 
        2me3me6me-anisole  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Lanzhou, China  oil 
        3-carene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.86 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  27.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  27.67 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  2.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  1.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.93 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.44 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.48 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  6.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chen  1987 
 
        2me3me6me-anisole  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Lanzhou, China  oil, steamdistilled 
        3-carene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  28.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  16.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  4.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.99 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  8.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-beta-farnesene  0.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chen   
 
        10Ald  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  oil, 1 
        11-2Kt  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        12Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        13-2Kt  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6Ald  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        7-2Kt  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        8Ald  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  14.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  16.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  6.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  10.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  1.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  2.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  1.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  1.54 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        pentenylcurcumene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-gamma-bisabolene  3.47 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  1.42 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chen   
 
        10Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  oil, 2 
        11-2Kt  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        13-2Kt  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        7-2Kt  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        8Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.98 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  24.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  7.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  5.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.89 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  10.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  4.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  1.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  2.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.48 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-gamma-bisabolene  8.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingerone  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.93 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lin  1987 
 
        alloaromadendrene  1.56 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  oil 
        alpha-bergamotene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.54 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.93 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  44.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  1.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  10.51 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  10.67 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  6.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-santalol  16.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-nerolidol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-elemene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla aldehyde  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-nerolidol  0.69 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberol  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vernin  1994 
 
        11-2Kt  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  oil 
        9-2Kt  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  38.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  17.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  5.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  1.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  2.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  7.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  2.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  4.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.66 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Zhu  1995 
 
        11-2Kt  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   China  oil 
        5me-hexan-2-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        7-2Ac  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cedrene  3.39 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-curcumene  26.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  13.49 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.44 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.81 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-gurjunene  0.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.48 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.88 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  4.51 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  2.93 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  2.92 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  1.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.92 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Demissew  1993 
 
        alpha-pinene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Addis Ababa, Ethiopia  root 
        alpha-zingiberene  35.56 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  6.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  12.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  12.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citral  1.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl butyrate  1.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  6.51 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.51 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Erler  1988 
 
        11-2Kt  0.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  rhizome 
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        7Ald  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9Hy  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-farnesene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  7.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  18.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  1.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  11.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.78 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.91 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene hydrate  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  1.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta5-2me6me-7Ald  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta5-2me6me-7OH  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  1.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  1.76 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl heptenone  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.66 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  1.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nonan-2-ol  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        toluene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  1.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lawrence  1983 
 
        1R2S5R-isopulegol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        3-carene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6-2Kt  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        7-2Kt  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-eudesmol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  30 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  4.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvotanacetone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-gamma-bisabolene  7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene B  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perillene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        phellandral  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        rosefuran  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Naryanan  1985 
 
        3Ald  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        9OH  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  22.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  6.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citral  10.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  8.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  3.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  2.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zerumbone  2.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.68 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        alpha-zingiberene  39.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  14.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  11.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  2.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.78 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.88 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Pellerin  1994 
 
        alpha-zingiberene  7.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        ar-curcumene  18.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  5.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  11.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrol  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vernin  1994 
 
        11-2Kt  1.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   India  oil 
        alpha-copaene  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  40.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  17.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.71 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  3.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  7.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  2.82 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  4.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.91 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nonan-2-ol  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Miyazawa  1988 
 
        11-2Kt  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Japan  rhizome 
        2me2me4me-7Hy  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        3-phenylbenzaldehyde  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        4-biphenylcarboxaldehyde  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        6OH  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-oxo-nerolidol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-selinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  5.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  21.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        aromadendrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  7.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-himachalene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-ionone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-thujone  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  5.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene hydrate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cedrol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E2-8Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  6.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  9.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  9.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        guaiol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        juniper camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        lauric acid  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        menthyl acetate  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neoisopulegol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  7.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        patchouli alcohol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perillene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-linalool oxide  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        xanthorrhizol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z3-6OH  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Sakamura  1987 
 
        3-carene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Oshoga, Japan  rhizome 
        alpha-copaene  0.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-guaiene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  10 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        aromadendrene  1.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  2.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calarene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  8.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  20.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  14.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  8.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  1.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-nerolidol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Ibrahim  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Malaysian  oil 
        alpha-guaiene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  2.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  1.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-copaene  0.42 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  5.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  4.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  2.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Gurib-Fakim  2002 
 
        11-2Kt  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Reduit, Mauritius  rhizome 
        alpha-terpineol  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  9.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  5.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  6.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  4.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  2.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesol  4.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  16.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  2.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        levomenol  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  10.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-sesquisabinene hydrate  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingerone  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Ekundayo  1988 
 
        3-carene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Ibadan, Nigeria  dried rhizome 
        alloaromadendrene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-bergamotene  0.27 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.27 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  1.49 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  4.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  5.63 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  6.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  12.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  2.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  5.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  4.96 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesal  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesol  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  10 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  15.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  1.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  8.91 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        viridiflorol  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Ekundayo  1988 
 
        2me3me6me-anisole  0.62 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Ibadan, Nigeria  fresh rhizome 
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alloaromadendrene  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-bergamotene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.84 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  3.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  8.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  10.61 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  28.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  1.74 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  8.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesal  0.47 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-farnesol  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.67 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  9.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  1.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  5.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        viridiflorol  0.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Analytical Methods Committee  1993 
 
        alpha-copaene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Nigeria  oil 
        alpha-farnesene  6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  27.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  5.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  8.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  8.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
MacLeod  1984 
 
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Sri Lanka  volatile, fresh Sidda 
        alpha-elemene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  14.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  22.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  5.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  2.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  14.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  2.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  7.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrtenal  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  4.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thujyl alcohol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
MacLeod  1984 
 
        3me-7Ald  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Sri Lanka  volatile, dried Sidda 
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-elemene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  27.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  45.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cyclohexane  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thujyl alcohol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
MacLeod  1984 
 
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Sri Lanka  volatile, fresh Chinese 
        alpha-elemene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  5.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  20.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  2.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  14.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  10.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thujyl alcohol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
MacLeod  1984 
 
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Sri Lanka  volatile, dried Chinese 
        alpha-elemene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  17.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  60.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesol  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        thujyl alcohol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Pellerin  1994 
 
        alpha-zingiberene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Sri Lanka  oil 
        ar-curcumene  16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  40 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-zingiberene  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  7.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  8.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  3.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  6.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Vabirua-Lechat  1996 
 
        10-epi-gamma-eudesmol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Tahiti  oil 
        alpha-cadinol  0.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.81 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  8.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  6.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.56 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandral  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  7.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  6.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-eudesmol  0.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  13.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        octan-3-ol  0.64 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        viridiflorol  0.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Sheen  1992 
 
        11-2Kt  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Taiwan  oil 
        9-2Kt  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  4.41 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  2.84 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  6.79 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  16.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  9.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellyl acetate  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebol  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        curcumenol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  8.86 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  18.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.73 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  6.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nonan-2-ol  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.37 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-sesquisabinene hydrate  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        zingiberenol II  0.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Van Beek  1987 
 
        6Ald  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Hai Hung Province, Vietnam  root 
        7-2Kt  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9-2Kt  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alloaromadendrene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-farnesene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  3.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-zingiberene  9.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  3.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolol  0.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-eudesmol  0.93 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  5.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-sesquiphellandrene  4.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  12.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta5-2me6me-7Ald  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        elemol  0.38 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        farnesal  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-eudesmol  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  15.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.69 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        heptan-2-ol  0.27 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        lauric acid  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl isoeugenol  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrtenal  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  8.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nonan-2-ol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymen-8-ol  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  2.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perillene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        rosefuran  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        selina-3,7(11)-diene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sulcatone  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-sesquiphellandrol  0.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-nerolidol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        undecan-2-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        xanthorrhizol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

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Bartley, J.P., and Foley, P. 1994. Supercritical fluid extraction of australian-grown ginger (Zingiber officinale). J. Sci. Food Agric. 66(3):365-371.
 
Chen, C.-C., and Ho, C.-T. 1989. Volatile compounds in ginger oil generated by thermal treatment. In: Thermal Generation of Aromas, eds. Parliment, T.H., McGorrin, R.J., and Ho, C.-T. ACS Symposium Series. 34:366-375.
 
Chen, Y., Li, Z., Xue, D., and Qi, L., 1987. Determination of volatile constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs by direct vaporization capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 59(5):744-748.
 
Demissew, S. 1993. A description of some essential oil bearing plants in Ethiopia and their indigenous uses. J. Essent. Oil Res. 5(5):465-479.
 
Ekundayo, O., Laakso, I., and Hiltunen, R. 1988. Composition of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) volatile oils from Nigeria. Flavour Fragr. J. 3(2):85-90.
 
Erler, J., Vostrowsky, O., Strobel, H., and Knobloch, K. 1988. Über ätherische öle des ingwer, Zingiber officinalis Roscoe. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 186:231-234.
 
Gurib-Fakim, A., Maudarbaccus, N., Leach, D., Doimo, L., and Wohlmuth, H. 2002. Essential oil composition of Zingiberaceae species from Mauritius. J. Essent. Oil Res. 14(4):271-273.
 
Ibrahim, H., and Zakaria, M.B. 1987. Essential oils from three Malaysian Zingiberaceae species. Malaysian J. Sci. 9:73-76.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1983. Recent studies on the oil of Zingiber officinale. Proceedings of 9th International Congress of Essential Oils, Singapore. 4:69-74.
 
Lin, Z.-K., and Hua, Y.-F. 1987. Chemical constituents of the essential oil from zingiber officinale rose of sichuan[J]. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 7(6):444-448.
 
MacLeod, A.J., and Pieris, N.M. 1984. Volatile aroma constituents of Sri Lankan ginger. Phytochem. 23(2):353-359.
 
Miyazawa, M., and Kameoka, H. 1988. Volatile flavor components of Zingiberis rhizoma (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Agric. Biol. Chem. 52(11):2961-2963.
 
Naryanan, C.S.K., and Mathew, A.G. 1985. Chemical investigation on spice oils. Indian Perfum. 29:15-22.
 
Pellerin, P. 1994. Le gingembre: production et analyse. Parf. Cosm. Arom. 117:70-73.
 
Sakamura, F. 1987. Changes in volatile constituents of Zingiber officinale rhizomes during storage and cultivation. Phytochem. 26(8):2207-2212.
 
Sheen, L.Y., Lin, S.Y., and Tsai, S.-J. 1992. Odor assessments for volatile compounds of garlic and ginger essential oils by sniffing method of gas chromatography. J. Chin. Agric. Chem. Soc. 30:14-24.
 
Srinivas, S.R. 1986. Atlas of essential oils. Bronx, New York, USA.
 
Vabirua-Lechat, I., Menut, C., Lamaty, G. and Bessiére, J.-M. 1996. Huiles essentielles de Polynesia Français. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 627-638.
 
Van Beek, T.A., Posthumus, M.A., Lelyveld, G.P., and Phiet, H.V. 1987. Investigation of the essential oil of Vietnamese ginger. Phytochem. 26(11):3005-3010.
 
Vernin, G., and Parkanyi, C. 1994. Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). In: Spices, Herbs and Edible fungi, eds. Charalambous, G. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland. 34:579-594.
 
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Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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