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« Previous SpeciesSyringa vulgaris    Next SpeciesSyzygium cumini »

Plant Compounds of Syzygium aromaticum , the Clove

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Myrtales
Family:  Myrtaceae
Genus:  Syzygium
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Muchalal  1985 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  14.12 Relative ratio of the component   Madagascar  bud 
        alpha-copaene  0.52 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cubebene  0.52 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-muurolene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujene  0.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  75.64 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-selinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        cubebene  1.36 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  2.34 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-muurolene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.45 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Analytical Methods Committee  1984 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.6 Relative ratio of the component     bud 
        alpha-caryophyllene alcohol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-farnesene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  15.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        chavicol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  73.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  7.05 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Kubeczka  1982 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component     bud 
        beta-caryophyllene  11.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  84.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Gopalakrishnan  1994 
 
        alpha-copaene  1.7 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil, CO2-extract 
        alpha-cubebene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  16.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  62.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  14.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoeugenol  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerolidol  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Gopalakrishnan  1994 
 
        alpha-copaene  1 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil, distilled 
        alpha-cubebene  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  10.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  71 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  12.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoeugenol  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerolidol  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Fuh  1995 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.95 Relative ratio of the component   China  bud 
        beta-caryophyllene  11.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  76.95 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  10.35 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Martini  1996 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component     bud 
        beta-caryophyllene  4.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  60.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl eugenol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Dorman  2000 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.66 Relative ratio of the component   UK  oil 
        beta-caryophyllene  5.58 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.32 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  86.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  5.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl salicylate  0.28 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Variyar  1995 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.9 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil 
        beta-caryophyllene  10.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  64.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  20.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        phenylmethanol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        vanillin  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Gaydou  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component   Antananarivo, Madagascar  bud 
        alpha-copaene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cubebene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  9.86 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  76.62 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  7.63 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoeugenol  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl benzoate  0.09 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinyl acetate  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Vernin  1994 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component   Madagascar  bud 
        alpha-copaene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  3.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  71 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  7.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulene oxide  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl eugenol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Lawrence  1979 
 
        11-2Kt  0.01 Relative ratio of the component   Malagasy  oil 
        7-2Kt  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        9-2Kt  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-amorphene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cadinol  0.14 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cubebene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-muurolene  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        benzyl acetate  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        benzyl tiglate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  4.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        calacorene  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvone  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        cinnamaldehyde  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        estragole  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl benzoate  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl hexanoate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl octanoate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl trans-cinnamate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  70 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  22.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        heptan-2-ol  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulene oxide  0.23 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulenol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl benzoate  0.38 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl eugenol  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl octanoate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        nonan-2-ol  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        phenethyl acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        phenylmethanol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinyl acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-anethole  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        zonarene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Raina  2001 
 
        16Ac  0.09 Relative ratio of the component   Little Andaman, India  leaf 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.36 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  2.91 Relative ratio of the component      
        cadalene  0.18 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.67 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  0.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  94.41 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.18 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulene epoxide II  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.79 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Vernin  1989 
 
        8OH  0.05 Relative ratio of the component   Indonesia  leaf 
        alloaromadendrene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cadinol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-calacorene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cubebene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-muurolene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-ylangene  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-zingiberene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        anethole  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        benzyl benzoate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-selinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        cadalene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvacrol methylether  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvone  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-calamenene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        copaen-15-ol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        cubebol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        cubenol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-selinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eremophilene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        estragole  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl alcohol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  95 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-muurolene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranial  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        humuladienone  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulene oxide  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        ledol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl eugenol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        palustrol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        propyl isobutyrate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        thymol methylether  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-calamenene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Vernin  1994 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.75 Relative ratio of the component   Indonesia  leaf 
        alpha-copaene  0.62 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cubebene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  14 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.33 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.86 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  71 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        humulene oxide  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl eugenol  0.11 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Derbesy  1980 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.35 Relative ratio of the component     stem 
        beta-caryophyllene  3 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  92.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  2.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl eugenol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Gaydou  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component   Antananarivo, Madagascar  stem 
        alpha-copaene  0.14 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  9.87 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        chavicol  0.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        cubebene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  80.62 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenyl acetate  4.79 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoeugenol  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl benzoate  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinyl acetate  0.14 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Reference(s):

Analytical Methods Committee. 1984. Application of gas-liquid chromatography to the analysis of essential oils. Part XI. Monographs for seven essential oils. Analyst. 109:1343-1360.
 
Derbesy, M. 1980. Comparaison de absolues oeillets de differentes origines geographiques. 8th International Congress of Essential Oils, Cannes, France. 130.
 
Dorman, H.I.D., Surai, P., Deans, S.G. 2000. In vitro antioxidant activity of a number of plant essential oils and phytoconstituents. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(2):241-248.
 
Fuh, M.R.S.; Pan, W.H., Hsieh, I.J., and Chihming, C.H.U.O. 1995: Preparative-scale supercritical fluid extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud). Amer. Lab. (Fairfield). 27(18):36-41.
 
Gaydou, E.M., and Randriamiharisoa, R. 1987. Multidimensional analysis of gas chromatographic data, application to the differentiation of clove bud and clove stem essential oils from Madagascar. Perfum. Flavor. 12(5): 45-51.
 
Gopalakrishnan, N. 1994. Studies on the storage quality of carbon dioxide-extracted cardamom and clove bud oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42(3):796-798.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Form�cek, V. 1982. Essential oils analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. :219-226. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1979. Major tropical spices - Clove. In: Essential Oils 1976-1978, eds. Lawrence, B.M. Allured Publ. Corp., Wheaton, Illinois, USA. 108-109.
 
Martini, H., Weidenb�rner, M., Adams, S., and Kunz, B. 1996. Eugenol and carvacrol: the main fungicidal compounds in clove and savory. Ital. J. Food Sci. 8(1):63-67.
 
Muchalal, M., and Crouzet, J. 1985. Volatile components of clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllus Spreng): neutral fraction. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49(6):1583-1589.
 
Raina, V.K., Srivastava, S.K., Aggarwal, K.K., Syamasundar, K.V., and Kumar, S. 2001. Essential oil composition of Syzygium aromaticum leaf from Little Andaman, India. Flavour Fragr. J. 16(5):334-336.
 
Variyar, P.S., and Bandyopadhyay, C. 1995. On the volatiles of clove, cardamom, nutmeg and mace. Pafai J. 17(1):19-25.
 
Vernin, E., Pujol, L., Vernin, G., and Metzger, J. 1989. J. Parf. Cosm. Arom. 89:81-82.
 
Vernin, G., Vernin, E., Metzger, J., Pujol, L., and Parkanyi, C. 1994. GC/MS analysis of clove essential oils. In: Spices, Herbs and Edible fungi, eds. Charalambous, G. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland. 34:483-500.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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