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« Previous SpeciesPinus strobus    Next SpeciesPinus yunnanensis »

Plant Compounds of Pinus sylvestris , the Scots pine

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Pinopsida
Order:  Pinales
Family:  Pinaceae
Genus:  Pinus
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Carmo  1986 
 
        3-carene  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Portugal  needle 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.68 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  29.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  3.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.39 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  2.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl benzoate  0.31 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  4.66 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cadinene  0.84 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  7.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  2.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.44 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool acetate  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  1.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        muurolene  0.56 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerol  0.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        nerolidol  8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        pinocarveol  0.78 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        piperitone  0.27 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.87 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        santene  0.21 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Kubeczka  1987 
 
        3-carene  20.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Würzburg, Germany  oil 
        alpha-cadinol  1.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  42.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  1.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.97 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.32 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  1.94 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cadinene  4.76 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  4.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E1E5-germacradien-4-ol  1.89 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  1.47 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  5.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  2.19 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.72 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.56 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  0.61 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.97 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Georgiev  1981 
 
        alpha-pinene  34.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil 
        alpha-terpineol  2.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  20.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  4.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  7.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Latish  1984 
 
        3-carene  20.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  2.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  20.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  3.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ar-curcumene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  9.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        chamazulene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  9.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  2.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  5.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranial  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neral  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        vetivazulene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chalchat  1985 
 
        3-carene  43.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Massif Central, France  oil, 1 
        4me10me-7-isopropylbicyclo-1,4-decadiene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  22.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  4.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-ylangene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  3.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  3.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-2-cadinene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-patchoulene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chalchat  1985 
 
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Massif Central, France  oil, 2 
        4me10me-7-isopropylbicyclo-1,4-decadiene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  41.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  2.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-ylangene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  18.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  2.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinol  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-2-cadinene  2.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-patchoulene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  3.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        santene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chalchat  1987 
 
        3-carene  16.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     oil 
        alpha-cadinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  0.95 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.24 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  37.36 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-ylangene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.49 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  1.88 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  17.81 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  0.48 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  2.52 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellal  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinol  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-2-cadinene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-patchoulene  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  2.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.43 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  0.57 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.63 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Venskutonis  2000 
 
        1,4-cadinadiene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Silute, Lithuania  oil 
        11-2Kt  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        1-epi-cubenol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        2-carene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        3-carene  15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        4-terpinenyl acetate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alloaromadendrene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-bisabolol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  23.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        aromadendrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl benzoate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl salicylate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bourbonene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-gurjunene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bicyclogermacrene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-5-muurolen-4b-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubebol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubenol  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        di-epi-1,10-cubenol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E2-6Ald  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-gurjunene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene-D-4-ol  4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        globulol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoterpinolene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        oplopanone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymen-8-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        pinane  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        spathulenol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        undecanone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        viridiflorol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z3-6OH  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z3-hexenyl benzoate  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Orav  1996 
 
        3-carene  23.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Estonia  oil 
        alpha-cadinol  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-farnesene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-guaiene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  2.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  28.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  2.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-ylangene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bourbonene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  2.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-copaene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-farnesene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-guaiene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  2.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cadinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  4.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  4.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        epsilon-muurolene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geranyl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene B  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  2.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neryl acetate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Tsitsimpikou  2001 
 
        27Hy  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Athen, Greece  needle 
        29Hy  6.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  3.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolol  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bourbonene  2.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  12.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        di-epi-alpha-cedrene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        epi-cubebol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        humulene epoxide II  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        manoyl oxide  30.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        oplopanone  2.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        spathulenol  4.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Venskutonis  2000 
 
        1,4-cadinadiene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Radviliskis, Lithuania  oil 
        11-2Kt  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        1-epi-cubenol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        2-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        3-carene  17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        4-terpinenyl acetate  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alloaromadendrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-bisabolol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cadinol  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        aromadendrene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl benzoate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        benzyl salicylate  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bourbonene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-gurjunene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bicyclogermacrene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-5-muurolen-4b-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cubenol  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        di-epi-1,10-cubenol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E2-6Ald  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  3.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-gurjunene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-muurolene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene-D-4-ol  5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        globulol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoterpinolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        oplopanone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymen-8-ol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        pinane  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        spathulenol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        undecanone  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        viridiflorol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z3-6OH  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z3-hexenyl benzoate  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Stepen  1995 
 
        3-carene  7.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Siberia  oil 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-fenchol  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-muurolene  0.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  32.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  1.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  2.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bisabolene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  3.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  3.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        bornyl acetate  2.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  6.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphor  2.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        epsilon-muurolene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        fenchone  1.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isoborneol  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isofenchone  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  7.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  5.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        santene  2.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinen-4-ol  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        terpinyl acetate  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  2.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Ruzic  1999 
 
        3-carene  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   former Yugoslavia  oil 
        alpha-pinene  40.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  15.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        borneol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  3.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-longipinene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  23 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        longifolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  4.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        tricyclene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

Carmo, M.M., and Frazão, S. 1986. The essential oil of Portuguese pine needles. First results. In: Progress in Essential Oil Research, eds. Brunke, E.J. W. de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany. 1:169-174.
 
Chalchat, J.C., Garry, R.P., Michet, A., and Remery, A. 1985. The essential oils of two chemotypes of Pinus sylvestris. Phytochem. 24(10):2443-2444.
 
Chalchat, J.C., Garry, R.P., Michet, A., Bastide, P., and Malhuret, R. 1987 . Corrélation composition chimique/activité antimicrobienne: I. Activité de I'huile essenielle de pin sylvestre à chémotypes différents vis-à-vis d'Escherichia coli. Plant. Med. Phytother. 21:26-35.
 
Georgiev, E.V., Veitehev, C.P., and Genov, N.S. 1981. Evaporation et solubilite dans l'eau des huiles essentielles de certains conifers. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 63:257-262.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Schultze, W. 1987. Biology and chemistry of conifer oils. Flavour Fragr. J. 2(4):137-148.
 
Latish, V.G., Kolesnikova, R.D., and Derjuzhkin, R.I. 1984. Essential oils of some pine species. Proceedings of 9th International Congress of Essential Oils, Singapore. 2:83-89.
 
Orav, A., Kailas, T., and Liiv, M. 1996. Analysis of terpenoic composition of conifer needle oils by steam distillation/extraction, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chromatogr. 43:215-219.
 
Ruzic, N.J., Petrovic, S.S., Stevanovic-Janezic and T., and Petrovic, S.D. 1999. Optimization of the preparation of the essential oil from technical foliage of white pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by steam distillation. Hem. Ind. 53:231-234.
 
Stepen, R.A. 1995. The composition of essential oil and volatile terpenoids of Pinus sylvestris L. shoots in middle Siberia. Rastit. Resur. 31:63-70.
 
Tsitsimpikou, C., Petrakis, P.V., Ortiz, A., Harvala, C., and Roussis, V. 2001. Volatile needle terpenoids of six Pinus species. J. Essent. Oil Res. 13(3):174-178.
 
Venskutonis, P.R., Vyskupaityte, K., and Plausinaitis, R. 2000. Composition of essential oils of Pinus sylvestris L. from different locations of Lithuania. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(5):559-565.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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