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« Previous SpeciesCymbopogon martinii var.sofia    Next SpeciesCymbopogon microstachys »

Plant Compounds of Cymbopogon martinii , the Palmarosa

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Liliopsida
Order:  Poales
Family:  Poaceae
Genus:  Cymbopogon
Author:  Roxburgh
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Delespaul  2000 
 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component   France  oil 
        citronellyl acetate  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  85.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  9.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl formate  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl acetate  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Lawrence  2002 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component     oil 
        beta-caryophyllene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,Z-farnesol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranial  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  81.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  7.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  2.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        neral  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl acetate  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Chowdhury  1998 
 
        7-epi-a-santalene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component   Chittagong, Bangladesh  leaf 
        8OH  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        9Ald  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-selinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesol  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesyl acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranial  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  82.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  10.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl butyrate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl formate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene A  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        neral  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        elemol  0.41 Relative ratio of the component   Brazil  oil 
        gamma-terpinene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  80.85 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  12.41 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  2.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        geraniol  59.96 Relative ratio of the component   Guatemala  oil 
        geranyl acetate  17.31 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.76 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  14.76 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Randriamiharisoa  1987 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.59 Relative ratio of the component   Antananarivo, Madagascar  oil 
        alpha-farnesene  0.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinene  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.76 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-selinene  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.09 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,Z-farnesol  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesyl acetate  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-selinene  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  80 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  8.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl butyrate  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl isovalerate  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.53 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  2.79 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl isoeugenol  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.21 Relative ratio of the component      
        neral  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl acetate  0.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z,E-farnesol  0.64 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Sethi  1989 
 
        2,3-epo-geraniol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil 
        6,7-epoxygeraniol  0.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        6OH  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranial  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  75 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  12.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl butyrate  1.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl formate  1.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl isovalerate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl octanoate  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonen-10-ol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonen-10-yl acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  2.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl formate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        pentyl hexanoate  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        prenyl hexanoate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        prenyl isovalerate  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        prenyl octanoate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Siddiqui  1990 
 
        3-carene  0.63 Relative ratio of the component   Betul, Madhaya Pradesh, India  oil 
        alpha-pinene  0.71 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.43 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.74 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesol  0.22 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  79.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  9.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl butyrate  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl octanoate  1.29 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  3.64 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Maheshwari  1985 
 
        2,3-epo-geraniol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil 
        6,7-epoxygeraniol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        6Ald  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranial  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  75 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  10 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl butyrate  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl formate  5 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl isobutyrate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl isovalerate  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl octanoate  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonen-10-ol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonen-10-yl acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  3 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl formate  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        pentyl hexanoate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        prenyl hexanoate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        prenyl isovalerate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        prenyl octanoate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        elemol  1.45 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil 
        gamma-terpinene  0.94 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  76.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  9.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.74 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  3.86 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  1.53 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Rajeswara Rao  1996 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil 
        alpha-terpinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        citronellol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        citronellyl acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  75.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  11.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl butyrate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl heptanoate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl hexanoate  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl propionate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  2.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  3.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  2 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Sarma  1998 
 
        geraniol  85 Relative ratio of the component   Assam, India  oil 
        geranyl acetate  5 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Srivastava  2000 
 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.25 Relative ratio of the component   India  oil 
        elemol  1.26 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.22 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  85 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  2.72 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  1.61 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Srinivas  1986 
 
        elemol  0.32 Relative ratio of the component   Madagascar  oil 
        gamma-terpinene  1.74 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  84.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  7.96 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  3.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.23 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Reference(s):

Chowdhury, J.U., Yusuf, M., Begum, J., Mondello, L., Previti, P., and Dugo, G. 1998. Studies on the essential oil bearing plants of Bangladesh. Part IV. Composition of the leaf oil of three Cymbopogon species: C. flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats., C. nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) N. L. Bor and C. martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 10(3):301-306.
 
Delespaul, Q., de Billerbeck, V.G., Roques, C.G., Michel, G., Marquier-Vi�uales, C., and Bessi�re, J.-M. 2000. The antifungal activity of essential oils as determined by different screening methods. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(2):256-266.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 2002. Progress in essential oils. Ocimum gratissimum oil, cinnamon oil, tarragon oil and palmarosa oil. Perfum. Flavor. 27(1):42-57.
 
Maheshwari, M.L., and Mohan J. 1985. Geranyl formate and other esters in palmarosa oil. Pafai J. 7(3):21-26.
 
Rajeswara Rao, B.R., Kaul, K.N., Bhattacharya, A.K., Mallavarapuand G.R., and Rames, S. 1996. Yield and chemical composition of the essential oils of three Cymbopogon species suffering from iron chlorosis. Flavour Fragr. J. 11(5):289-293.
 
Randriamiharisoa, R.P., and Gaydou, E.M. 1987. Composition of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) essential oil from Madagascar. J. Agric. Food Chem. 35(1):62-66.
 
Sarma, P.C., Baruah, P., Pathak, M.G., and Kanjilal, P.B. 1998. Comparision of the major components of the oils of eight selections of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 10(6):673-674.
 
Sethi, K.L., Maheswari, M.L., and Gupta, R. 1989. Genetic diversity and development of high oil yielding palmarosa strains. In: Proceedings of 11th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours, New-Delhi, India, eds. Bhattacharyya, S.C., Sen, N., and Sethi, K.L. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., Private. Ltd. 4:89-96.
 
Siddiqui, N., and Garg, S.C. 1990. Chemical composition of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2(2):93-94.
 
Srinivas, S.R. 1986. Atlas of essential oils. Bronx, New York, USA.
 
Srivastava, H.K., Satpute, G.K., and Naqvi, A.A. 2000. Induced mutants in M2 generation and selection for enhanced essential oil yield and quality in Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii, Roxb.) Wats., var. martinii. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(4):501-506.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2025 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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