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Plant Compounds of Carum carvi , the Caraway

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Apiales
Family:  Apiaceae
Genus:  Carum
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Wichtmann  1987 
 
        8Ald  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Hamburg, Germany  herb 
        9Ald  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  6.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-selinene  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  2.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-elemene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-cadinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-elemene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene A  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene B  1.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  81 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Shatar  2000 
 
        2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Mongolia  herb 
        alpha-cadinol  1.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-copaene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-cubebene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-bourbonene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  6.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  5.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        calamenene  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  5.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  2.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  2.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dihydrocarvone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-phytol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        estragole  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        ethyl dihydrocinnamate  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eugenol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geraniol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  15.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        jasmone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  3.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        methyl eugenol  0.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myristic acid  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        palmitic acid  2.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        spathulenol  1.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-cadinol  0.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        t-muurolol  1.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-anethole  5.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-beta-damascenone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Wichtmann  1987 
 
        8Ald  16.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Hamburg, Germany  root 
        9Ald  4.9 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.45 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-elemene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta-cadinene  3.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E2-10Ald  8.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-elemene  1.55 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene B  30 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  10.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z4-10Ald  1.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Lawrence  1980 
 
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     seed 
        8Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        9Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-thujene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  47.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-2,8-menthadienol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-p-2-menthen-1-ol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isodihydrocarveol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  49.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neodihydrocarveol  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neoisodihydrocarveol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Kubeczka  1982 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     seed 
        beta-phellandrene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  43.39 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  53.85 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.46 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reichling  1999 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  1.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦     seed 
        alpha-pinene  0.28 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  52.22 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  45.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Cabizza  2001 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Italy  seed, CO2-extract 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-thujone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  51.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-limonene oxide  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        delta2,4-6Ald  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        geijerene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  45.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.6 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla aldehyde  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-limonene-1,2-oxide  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Cabizza  2001 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Italy  seed, hydrodistilled 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-thujone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  60.5 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-limonene oxide  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        germacrene D  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  36.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla aldehyde  1.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-limonene-1,2-oxide  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
El-Wakeil  1986 
 
        alpha-terpinolene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Egypt  seed 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  80.17 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cuminaldehyde  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.59 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  9.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymen-7-ol  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla alcohol  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.04 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.11 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Bourrel  1995 
 
        1,3-p-menthadien-7-al  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   France  seed 
        alpha-pinene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  50.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        dihydrocarvone  1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  45.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  1.4 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Putievsky  1994 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Israel  seed 
        alpha-terpinene  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-phellandrene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        camphene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  49 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  48 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.34 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.13 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Janssen  1989 
 
        2-p-tolylpropene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Netherland  seed 
        3-carene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-terpineol  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        beta-pinene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  50.02 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-limonene oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.16 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        isodihydrocarveol  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  46.65 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.39 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neodihydrocarveol  0.09 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        neoisodihydrocarveol  0.29 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla aldehyde  0.14 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.06 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-carveol  0.26 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.12 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-limonene-1,2-oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.48 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Analytical Methods Committee  1988 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   Netherland  fruit 
        beta-caryophyllene  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  59.7 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  39.8 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.3 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla aldehyde  0.15 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-dihydrocarveol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Chalchat  1991 
 
        2,8-menthadienol  0.33 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   former Yugoslavia  seed 
        3-carene epoxide  0.03 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        alpha-pinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carveol  0.58 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone  53.35 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        carvone oxide  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-1,8-p-menthadien-2-ol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-carveol  0.2 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-limonene oxide  0.77 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        cis-p-8-menthene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        citronellol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        E-dihydrocarvone  0.08 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        eucalyptol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene  40.75 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        limonene dioxide  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        linalool  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        myrcene  0.18 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        p-cymene  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        perilla alcohol  0.1 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        sabinene  0.05 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-1,8-p-menthadien-2-ol  0.01 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-limonene dioxide  0.25 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        trans-limonene-1,2-oxide  0.53 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
        Z-dihydrocarvone  0.07 ¦Relative ratio of the component¦      
 
Reference(s):

Analytical Methods Committee. 1988. Application of gas-liquid chromatography to the analysis of essential oils. Part XIV. Monographs for five essential oils. Analyst. 113:1125-1136.
 
Bourrel, S., Vilarem, G., Michel, G., and Gaset, A. 1995. Etude des propriétés bactériostatiques et fongistatiques en milieu solide de 24 huiles essentielles préalablement analysées. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 16:3-12.
 
Cabizza, M., Cherchi, G., Marongiu, B., Porcedda, S., Satta, M., and Stassi, A. 2001. Isolation of a volatile concentrate of caraway seed. J. Essent. Oil Res. 13(5):371-375.
 
Chalchat, J.-C., Garry, R.P. Michet. A., and Gorunovic, M. 1991. Huiles essentielles Carum carvi de Yougoslavie. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 466-470.
 
El-Wakeil, F., Khairy, M., Morsi, S., Farag, R.S., Shihata, A.A., and Badel, A.Z.M.A. 1986. Biochemical studies on the essential oils of some fruits of Umbellifereae family. Seifen, Oele, Fette, Wachse. 112(3):77-80.
 
Janssen, A.M. 1989. Antomicrobial activities of essential oils - a pharmaconogstical study. Thesis Uni. Leiden.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Formácek, V. 1982. Essential oils analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. :219-226. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
 
Lawrence, B.M. 1980. New trends in essential oils. Perfum. Flavor. 5(4):6-17.
 
Putievsky, E., Ravid, U., Dudai, N., and Katzir, I. 1994. A new cultivar of caraway (Carum carvi L.) and its essential oil. J. Herbs, Spices Med. Plants. 2(2):81-84.
 
Reichling, J., Harkenthal, M., and Saller, R. 1999. In-vitro-untersuchungen zur antimikrobiellen wirkung ausgewählter ätherischer öle. Erfahrungsheilkunde. 48:357-366.
 
Shatar, S., and Altantsetseg, S. 2000. Essential oil composition of some plants cultivated in Mongolian climate. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12(6):745-750.
 
Wichtmann, E.M., and Stahl-Biskup, E. 1987. Composition of the essential oils from caraway herb and root. Flavour Fragr. J. 2(2):83-89.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2024. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2024 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
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