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« Previous GenusButhotus    Next GenusBuzonium »

Semiochemicals of Genus Buthus

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Scorpiones
Family: Buthidae
Subfamily: Buthinae
Tribe: 
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Semiochemical(s):

Buthus eupeus Koch
 
               Arseniev AS  1984  FEBS Lett.  165: 57   
    BeIT5A    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Russia 
 
               Ovchinnikov YA  1984  Pure Appl. Chem.  56: 1049   
    BeI5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Caucasus, Russia 
    BeI5A    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM11    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM12    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM13    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Ovchinnikov YA  1984  Pure Appl. Chem.  56: 1049   
    BeM1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Uzbekistan, Central Asia 
    BeM2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM6    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM7    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM8    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM9    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM10    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM14    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Grishin EV  1981  Int. J. Quantum Chem.  19: 291   
    BeI1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Caucasus & Uzbekistan, Central Asia 
    BeI2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeI5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM6    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM7    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM8    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM9    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM10    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM11    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM12    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BeM13    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Buthus martensii Karsch
 
               Zeng XF  2006  Peptides  27: 1745   
    BmK BTx    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
China 
    BmK ITx    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmK Kx1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmK Kx2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Huys I  2004  Biochem. J.  378: 745   
    BmTx3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Henan Province, China 
 
               Romi-Lebrun R  1997b  Eur. J. Biochem.  245: 457   
    BmPO1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Chengdu, China 
    BmPO2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmPO3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmPO5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Romi-Lebrun R  1997a  Biochem.  36: 13473   
    BmK TX    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Chengdu, China 
    BmTX1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmTX2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Xiong YM  1997  Toxicon  35: 1025   
    BmK M1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Henan Province, China 
 
               Luo MJ  1997  Toxicon  35: 723   
    BmK M2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Shandong Province, China 
    BmK M4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Gong J  1997  J. Biol. Chem.  272: 8320   
    MkTx I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Guangzhou, China 
 
               Ji YH  1996  Toxicon  34: 987   
    BmK I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Henan & Shandong Provinces, China 
    BmK II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Li HM  1996  J. Mol. Biol.  261: 415   
    BmK M8    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Shandong Province, China 
 
               Ji. JH  1994b  Sci. China B  37: 955   
    BmK IT1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Henan, China 
    BmK IT2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmK IT3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmK IT4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    BmK IT5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Ji. JH  1994a  Sci. China B  37: 42   
    BmK IT    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Anhui Province, China 
 
               Liu JN  1988  Chin. Sci. Bull.  33: 79   
    BmK M3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Henan, China 
 
 
Buthus occitanus Amoreux
 
               Meki ARMA  1995  Peptides  16: 1359   
    peptide K12    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Abu-Rawash, Giza Governorate, Egypt 
 
 
Buthus occitanus israelis Shulov & Amitai
 
               Kozminsky-Atias A  2007  FEBS Lett.  581: 2478   
    BoiTx1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Negev Desert, Israel 
 
 
Buthus occitanus mardochei Simon
 
               Vargas O  1987  Eur. J. Biochem.  162: 589   
    Bom I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Tiliouine, Taroudant, Morocco 
    Bom II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom III    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom IV    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom VI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom PI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom V    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Vargas O  1982  Toxicon  20: 79   
    Bom I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
France 
    Bom IV    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom VI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bom PI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Buthus occitanus paris Koch
 
               Martin MF  1974  Thesis Uni. Marseille  :  
    Bop I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Morocco 
    Bop II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Buthus occitanus tunetanus Herbst
 
               ElFessi R  2022  Toxicon  27: 7278   
    Bot 33    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Beni Khedach, Medenine, Tunisia 
 
               Mejri T  2003  Toxicon  41: 163   
    Bot IT6    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Beni Khedach, Medenine, Tunisia 
 
               Meki A  2000  Toxicon  38: 105   
    KTX3    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Egypt 
 
               Borchani L  1997  Toxicon  35: 365   
    Bot IT1    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Tunis, Tunisia 
    Bot IT4    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot IT5    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Borchani L  1996  Eur. J. Biochem.  241: 525   
    Bot IT2    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Tunis, Tunisia 
 
               Martin MF  1984a  Toxicon  22: 279   
    Bot I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Mecheria, Algeria 
    Bot II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot III    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot IV    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot V    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot VI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot VII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot VIII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot IX    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot X    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot XI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot XII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot XIII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Martin MF  1984a  Toxicon  22: 279   
    Bot I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Mecheria, Algeria 
    Bot II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot III    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot IV    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot V    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot VI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot VII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot VIII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot IX    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot X    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot XI    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot XII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot XIII    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Vargas O  1982  Toxicon  20: 79   
    Bot I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
France 
    Bot II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot III    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Miranda F  1970a  Eur. J. Biochem.  16: 514   
    Bot I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Mecheria, Algeria 
    Bot II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot III    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Rochat H  1970  FEBS Lett.  10: 359   
    Bot I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Mecheria, Algeria 
    Bot II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bot III    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Buthus sindicus Pocock
 
               Ali SA  2006  Arch. Biochem. Biophys.  445: 81   
    Bs-Tx28    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Sindh, Pakistan 
 
               Ali SA  1998  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A  121: 323   
    Bs6    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Sindh, Pakistan 
    Bs8    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bs10    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Bs14    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Fazal A  1989  FEBS Lett.  257: 260   
    peptide I    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Sindh, Pakistan 
    peptide II    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Buthus tamulus Fabricius
 
               Escoubas P  1997a  Toxicon  35: 806   
    TmTx    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Galvez A  1990  J. Biol. Chem.  265: 11083   
    IbTX    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
USA 
 
               Master RWS  1963  Biochim. Biophys. Acta  71: 422   
    PDE    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Bombay, India 
    protease    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Reference(s):

ElFessi, R., Khamessi, O., Srairi-Abid, N., Sabatier, J.-M., Tytgat, J., Peigneur, S., Kharrat, R. 2022. Purification and characterization of Bot33: a non-toxic peptide from the venom of Buthus occitanus tunetanus scorpion. Molecules. 27:7278-7290.
 
Kozminsky-Atias, A., Somech, E., and Zilberberg, N. 2007. Isolation of the first toxin from the scorpion Buthus occitanus israelis showing preference for shaker potassium channels. FEBS Lett. 581:2478-2484.
 
Ali, S.A., Wang, B., Alam, M., Beck, A., Stoeva, S., Voelter, W., Abbasi, A., and Duszenko, M. 2006. Structure-activity relationship of an a-toxin Bs-Tx28 from scorpion (Buthus sindicus) venom suggests a new a-toxin subfamily. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 445:81-94.
 
Zeng, X.-C., Luo, F., and Li, W.-X. 2006. Molecular dissection of venom from Chinese scorpion Mesobuthus martensii: identification and characterization of four novel disulfide-bridged venom peptides. Peptides. 27:1745-1754.
 
Huys, I., Xu, C.Q., Wang, C.Z., Vacher, H., Martin-Eauclaire, M.F., Chi, C.W., and Tytgat, J. 2004. BmTx3, a scorpion toxin with two putative functional faces separately active on A-type K� and HERG currents. Biochem. J. 378:745-752.
 
Mejri, T., Borchani, L., Srairi-Abid, N., Benkhalifa, R., Cestele, S., Regaya, I., Karoui, H., Pelhate, M., Rochat, H., and El Ayeb, M. 2003. BotIT6: a potent depressant insect toxin from Buthus occitanus tunetanus venom. Toxicon. 41:163-171.
 
Meki, A., Mansuelle, P., Laraba-Djebari, F., Oughideni, R., Rochat, H., and Martin-Eauclaire, M.F. 2000. KTX3, the kaliotoxin from Buthus occitanus tunetanus scorpion venom: one of an extensive family of peptidyl ligands of potassium channels. Toxicon 38:105-111.
 
Ali, S.A., Stoeva, S., Sch�tz, J., Kayed, R., Abassi, A., Zaidi, Z.H., and Voelter, W. 1998. Purification and primary structure of low molecular mass peptides from scorpion (Buthus sindicus) venom. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 121:323-332.
 
Romi-Lebrun, R., Martin-Eauclaire, M.F., Escoubas, P., Wu, F.Q., Lebrun, B., Hisada, M., and Nakajima, T. 1997b. Characterization of four toxins from Buthus martensi scorpion venom, which act on apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Eur. J. Biochem. 245:457-464.
 
Escoubas, P., Romi-Lebrum, R., Lebrum, B., Herrmann, R., Moskowitz, H., Rajendra, W., Hammock, B., and Nakajima, T. 1997a. Tamulotoxin (TmTx), a novel member of the potassium channel active short toxins from the venom of the Indian red scorpion Buthus tamulus. Toxicon. 35:806.
 
Romi-Lebrun, R., Lebrun, B., Martin-Eauclaire, M.F., Ishiguro, M., Escoubas, P., Wu, F.Q., Hisada, M., Pongs, O., and Nakajima, T. 1997a. Purification, characterization, and synthesis of three novel toxins from the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi, which act on K+ channels. Biochem. 36:13473-13482.
 
Borchani, L., Stankiewicz, M., Kopeyan, C., Mansuelle, P., Kharrat, R., Cest�le, S., Karoui, H., Rochat, H., Pelhate, M., and El Ayeb, M. 1997. Purification, structure and activity of three insect toxins from Buthus occitanus tunetanus venom. Toxicon. 35:365-382.
 
Gong, J., Kini, R.M., Gwee, M.C., Gopalakrishnakone, P., and Chung, N.C. 1997. Makatoxin I, a novel toxin isolated from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, exhibits nitrergic actions. J. Biol. Chem. 272:8320-8324.
 
Luo, M.-J., Xiong, Y.-M., Wang, M., Wang, D.-C., and Chi, C.-W. 1997. Purification and sequence determination of a new neutral mammalian neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Toxicon. 35:723-731.
 
Xiong, Y.M., Ling, M.H., Wang, D.C. and Chi, C.W. 1997. The cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of a mammalian neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. Toxicon. 35:1025-1031.
 
Borchani, L., Mansuelle, P., Stankiewicz, M., Grolleau, F., Cestele, S., Karoui, H., Lapied, B., Rochat, H., Pelhate, M., and El Ayeb, M. 1996. A new scorpion venom toxin paralytic to insects that affect Na+ channel activation. Purification, structure, antigenicity and mode of action. Eur. J. Biochem. 241:525-532.
 
Ji, Y.H., Mansuelle, P., Terakawa, S., Kopeyan, C., Yanaihara, N., Hsu, K., and Rochat, H. 1996. Two neurotoxins (BmK I and BmK II) from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch: purification, amino acid sequences and assessment of specific activity. Toxicon. 34:987-1001.
 
Li, H.-M., Wang, D.-C., Zeng, Z.-H., Jin, L., and Hu, R.-Q. 1996. Crystal structure of an acidic neurotoxin from scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch at 1.85 A� resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 261:415-431.
 
Meki, A.R.M.A., Nassar, A.Y., and Rochat, H. 1995. A bradykinin-potentiating peptide (peptide K12) isolated from the venom of Egyptian scorpion Buthus occitanus. Peptides. 16:1359-1365.
 
Ji, J.-H., Hattori, H., Xu, K., and Tarakawa, S. 1994b. Molecular characteristics of four new depressant insect neurotoxins purified from venom of Buthus martensi Karsch by HPLC. Sci. China B. 37:955-963.
 
Ji, J.-H., Mansuelle, P., Xu, K., Granier, C., Kopeyan, C., Tarakawa, S., and Rochat, H. 1994a. Amino acid sequence of an excitatory insect-selective toxin (BmK IT) from venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Sci. China B. 37:42-49.
 
Galvez, A., Gimenez-Gallego, G., Reuben, J.P., Roy-Contancin, L., Feigenbaum, P., Kaczorowski, G.J., and Garcia, M.L. Purification and characterization of a unique, potent, peptidyl probe for the high conductance calcium-activated potassium channel from venom of the scorpion Buthus tamulus. J. Biol. Chem. 265:11083-11090.
 
Fazal, A., Beg, O.U., Shafqat, J., Zaidi, Z.H., and Jornvall, H. 1989. Characterization of two different peptides from the venom of the scorpion Buthus sindicus. FEBS Lett. 257:260-235.
 
Liu, J.N., Yang, D., and Lei, K.J. 1988. The primary structure and molecular evolution of mammalian neurotoxin from scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Chin. Sci. Bull. 33:79-80.
 
Vargas, O., Martin, M.F., and Rochat, H. 1987. Characterization of six toxins from the venom of the Moroccan scorpion Buthus occitanus mardochei. Eur. J. Biochem. 162:589-599.
 
Martin, M.F., and Rochat, H. 1984a. Purification of thirteen toxins active on mice from the venom of the North African scorpion Buthus occitanus tunetanus. Toxicon. 22:279-291.
 
Arseniev, A.S., Kondakov, V.I., Maiorov, V.N., and Bystrov, V.F. 1984. NMR solution spatial structure of �short� scorpion insectotoxin I5A. FEBS Lett. 165:57-62.
 
Ovchinnikov, Y.A. 1984. Bioorganic chemistry of polypeptide neurotoxins. Pure Appl. Chem. 56:1049-1068.
 
Vargas, O., Gregoire, J., Martin, M.F., Bechis, G., and Rochat, H. 1982. Neurotoxins from the venoms of two scorpions: Buthus occitanus tunetanus and Buthus occitanus mardochei. Toxicon. 20:79.
 
Grishin, E.V. 1981. Structure and function of Buthus eupeus scorpion neurotoxins. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 19:291-298.
 
Martin, M.F. 1974. Purification et caracterisation des neurotoxines du venin du scorpion Buthus B. occitanus paris. Thesis Uni. Marseille. :1.
 
Miranda, F., Kopeyan, C., Rochat, H., Rochat, C., and Lissitzky, S. 1970a. Purification of animal neurotoxins. Isolation and characterization of eleven neurotoxins from the venom of the scorpions Androctonus australis Hector, Buthus occitanus tunetanus and Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus. Eur. J. Biochem. 16:514-523.
 
Rochat, H., Rochat, C., Kopeyan, C., Miranda, F., Lissitzky, S., and Edman, P. 1970. Scorpion neurotoxins: a family of homologous proteins. FEBS Lett. 10:359-351.
 
Master, R.W.S., Rao, S., and Soman, P.D. 1963. Electrophoretic separation of biologically active constituents of scorpion venom. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 71:422-428.
 

 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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