Bedoukian   RussellIPM   Pherobank   Piezo-Electric-Micro-Sprayer


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« Previous SpeciesMarsypianthes chamaedrys    Next SpeciesMelaleuca alternifolia »

Plant Compounds of Matricaria chamomilla , the German chamomile

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Asterales
Family:  Asteraceae
Genus:  Matricaria
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Malinkas  1985 
 
        1me5me-6-methylenespiro-heptane  1.22 Relative ratio of the component   Argentina  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  46.11 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  0.31 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  1.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.57 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesene  15.42 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesol  1.93 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.26 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerolidol  1.93 Relative ratio of the component      
        patchoulane  3.32 Relative ratio of the component      
        pulegone  1.01 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Matos  1993 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  13.15 Relative ratio of the component   Medianeira City, Paran� State, Brazil  flower head 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  16.85 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  23.54 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  5.21 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  8.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        en-yn-dicycloether  4.71 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-beta-farnesene  15.97 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Tsutsulova  1984 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  9.55 Relative ratio of the component   Bulgaria  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  8.93 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  11.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-muurolene  3.41 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  17.64 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  5.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesene  27.72 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-muurolene  1.31 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.73 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Shaath  1993 
 
        9Ald  0.11 Relative ratio of the component   Egypt  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol  5 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  38.65 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  4.44 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  1.55 Relative ratio of the component      
        caprinic acid  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  3.43 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.45 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  25.68 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl 2me-butanoate  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.21 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  1.63 Relative ratio of the component      
        methallyl angelate  0.46 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        propyl 2me-butanoate  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-beta-farnesene  0.32 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Brunke  1992 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.51 Relative ratio of the component   Germany  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  57.68 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  4.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  4.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia alcohol  0.39 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia ketone  0.51 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.09 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-selinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        bicyclogermacrene  0.64 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  23.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        E2-6OH  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  2.92 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl 2me-butanoate  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.34 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  1.48 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        propyl 2me-butanoate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.22 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6Ac  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Brunke  1992 
 
        2me6me-E3E5,7-octatrien-2-ol  0.37 Relative ratio of the component   Germany  living flower 
        2me6me-E3Z5,7-octatrien-2-ol  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        6Ac  0.23 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  1.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.33 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  1.26 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  0.28 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia alcohol  0.51 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia ketone  10.34 Relative ratio of the component      
        benzaldehyde  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  5.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.14 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-selinene  15.97 Relative ratio of the component      
        bicyclogermacrene  0.92 Relative ratio of the component      
        butyl 3me-butanoate  0.18 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-cosmene  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,Z-cosmene  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
        E2-6OH  0.45 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  4.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl 2me-butanoate  6.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        ethyl isovalerate  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  8.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl propionate  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulyl acetate  0.32 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.97 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl benzoate  0.14 Relative ratio of the component      
        methyl tiglate  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.75 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  22.23 Relative ratio of the component      
        propyl 2me-butanoate  2.22 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.39 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6Ac  6.95 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6OH  0.31 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-hexenyl propionate  0.37 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Papazoglou  1998 
 
        9Ald  3 Relative ratio of the component   Attica, Greece  flower head 
        alpha-bisabolol  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  1.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  5.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  4.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolol  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  3.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  4.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  21.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  2.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene B  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        salicylic acid  3 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  2.4 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Papazoglou  1998 
 
        9Ald  1.9 Relative ratio of the component   Attica, Greece  disc floret 
        alpha-bisabolol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  1.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  9 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolol  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  3.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  3 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  5.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  16 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  3.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene B  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  3.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  3.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        salicylic acid  2.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  4.4 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Schilcher  1972 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  10 Relative ratio of the component   Hungary  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  20 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  20 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  8 Relative ratio of the component      
        spiro-ether  7 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Das  1999 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  11 Relative ratio of the component   Lucknow, India  flower 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  30 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  9.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-patchoulene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia alcohol  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia ketone  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  8 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  10 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-en-yne-dicycloether  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-muurolene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        pulegone  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        spathulenol  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6Ac  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-en-yne-dicycloether  5 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Das  2002 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  8 Relative ratio of the component   Lucknow, India  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  17.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  12 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-patchoulene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia alcohol  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia ketone  10.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-eudesmol  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  2.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        E2-6OH  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  7.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-en-yne-dicycloether  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        isophytol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        pulegone  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  5.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        tricyclene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6Ac  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6OH  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-en-yne-dicycloether  4.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Das  2002 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  1.8 Relative ratio of the component   Lucknow, India  leaf 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  3.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  2.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-patchoulene  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia alcohol  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        artemisia ketone  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-eudesmol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamomillol  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  9.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesyl acetate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        E2-6OH  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-en-yne-dicycloether  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-phytol  2.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  4.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        isophytol  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  3.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        spathulenol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-en-yne-dicycloether  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Das  2002 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component   Lucknow, India  stem 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  2.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  2.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  3.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  2.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-en-yne-dicycloether  2.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        isophytol  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  23.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        pulegone  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        spathulenol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  1.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-en-yne-dicycloether  15.7 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Das  2002 
 
        11-hexadecyn-13,15-diene  2.2 Relative ratio of the component   Lucknow, India  root 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  2.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-patchoulene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  5.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-eudesmol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamomillol  5.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-caryophyllene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-alpha-farnesene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesyl acetate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  44.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-en-yne-dicycloether  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-phytol  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-muurolene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        isophytol  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        spathulenol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6Ac  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-en-yne-dicycloether  10.7 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Piccaglia  1993 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  5 Relative ratio of the component   Ozzano, Italy  flower 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  40 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  20 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  8 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  10 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  7 Relative ratio of the component      
        spiro-ether  6 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Reverchon  1994 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.35 Relative ratio of the component   Italy  flower 
        alpha-bisabolol oxide A  50.42 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol oxide B  16.88 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolone oxide  7.76 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  0.09 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-elemene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-farnesene  1.53 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-ocimene  0.11 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        chamazulene  3.52 Relative ratio of the component      
        E,E-farnesol  0.32 Relative ratio of the component      
        en-yn-dicycloether  10 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  0.57 Relative ratio of the component      
        menthol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        menthyl acetate  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.65 Relative ratio of the component      
        spathulenol  0.65 Relative ratio of the component      
        sulcatone  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.36 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-nerolidol  0.42 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z,E-farnesol  0.42 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Reference(s):

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Das, M., Kumar, S., Mallavarapu, G.R., and Ramesh, S. 1999. Composition of the essential oils of the flowers of three accessions of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. J. Essent. Oil Res. 11(5):615-618.
 
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Piccaglia, R., and Marotti, M. 1993. Characterization of several aromatic plants grown in northern Italy. Flavour Fragr. J. 8(23):115-122.
 
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Shaath, N.A., and Azzo, N.R. 1993. Essential oils of Egypt. In: Food Flavors, Ingredients and Composition, eds. Charalambous, G. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland. 591-603.
 
Tsutsulova, A., and Antonova, R. 1984. Analysis of Bulgarian daisy oil. Maslo-Zhir. Prom. St. 11:23-24.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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