Bedoukian   RussellIPM   Pherobank   Piezo-Electric-Micro-Sprayer


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« Previous SpeciesLavandula lanata    Next SpeciesLavandula luisieri »

Plant Compounds of Lavandula latifolia , the Spike lavender

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Lamiales
Family:  Lamiaceae
Genus:  Lavandula
Author:  Medikus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Naef  1992 
 
        3-2Kt  0.11 Relative ratio of the component     oil 
        6me-delta3,5-7-2Kt  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        6OH  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        8-3Kt  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.16 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  4.77 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  2.67 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bergamotene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolol  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  2.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-farnesene  0.31 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  4.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  1.69 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  1.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  16.25 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.29 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.47 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-linalool oxide  0.11 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-pyranoid linalool oxide  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        crypton  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta1-octen-3-ol  0.09 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  22.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        exo-isocamphanone  0.47 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.18 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpineol  0.53 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl 2me-butanoate  0.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl butyrate  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl isobutyrate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl tiglate  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  3.18 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  27.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  1.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrtenol  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.69 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl acetate  0.88 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymen-8-ol  0.09 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  1.39 Relative ratio of the component      
        plinol  0.74 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.37 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.06 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.36 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-pyranoid linalool oxide  0.18 Relative ratio of the component      
        tricyclene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z3-6OH  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Mizrahi  1999 
 
        alpha-terpineol  1.6 Relative ratio of the component   Argentina  oil 
        borneol  7 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  23.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  20.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulyl acetate  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  25.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Canaud  1996 
 
        alpha-pinene  1.8 Relative ratio of the component   France  oil 
        alpha-terpineol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  2 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  2.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  18.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  25.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulyl acetate  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  27.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  2.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Barazandeh  2002 
 
        3-carene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component   Tehran, Iran  fresh flower 
        6Ac  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol  2.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cis-bergamotene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  2.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  10.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  4.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  3.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta1-octen-3-ol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  4.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  18.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl 2me-butanoate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl butyrate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl hexanoate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl tiglate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulyl acetate  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  31.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  2.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-anethole  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-beta-farnesene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Barazandeh  2002 
 
        3-carene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component   Tehran, Iran  dry flower 
        6Ac  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol  2.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cis-bergamotene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  2.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-trans-bergamotene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  2.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  8.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  4.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  4.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta1-octen-3-ol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        E-beta-farnesene  3.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  20.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene D  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl 2me-butanoate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl butyrate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl hexanoate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl tiglate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulyl acetate  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  30.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  3.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  2.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-anethole  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        Z-beta-farnesene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Da Cunha  1985 
 
        alpha-pinene  1.7 Relative ratio of the component   Portugal  oil, 1 
        alpha-terpineol  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-farnesene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  1.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  4.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  20 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-linalool oxide  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  23.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  32.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  1.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-linalool oxide  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Da Cunha  1985 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.9 Relative ratio of the component   Portugal  oil, 2 
        alpha-terpineol  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  4.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  21.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  24.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  2.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  33 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  1.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
 
De Pascual  1989 
 
        6-hydroxy-3,7-linalool oxide  0.5 Relative ratio of the component   Zamora, Spain  oil 
        7me-umbelliferon  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-cadinol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-gurjunene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  2.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujone  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-farnesene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-thujone  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  2.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        bornyl acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  8 Relative ratio of the component      
        carveol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvone  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvyl acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  2.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-linalool oxide  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        citronellal  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        coumarin  2.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-terpineol  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        E3,7-2me6me-octadiene-2,6-diol  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        epsilon-cadinene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  36.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        isobornyl acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  30.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool oxide  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrtenol  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymen-7-ol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymen-8-ol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-pinocarveol  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Boelens  1986 
 
        2-p-tolylpropene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component   Spain  oil 
        4Ac  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        6Ac  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        6OH  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        8-3Kt  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        8OH  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-bisabolene  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  1.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  2.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  0.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        bornyl acetate  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  12.8 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        chroman-2Kt  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-linalool oxide  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        coumarin  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta1-octen-3-ol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-cadinene  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  26.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        eugenol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        isopentyl acetate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        lavandulol  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  41.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-linalool oxide  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
De Pascual  1989 
 
        6-hydroxy-3,7-linalool oxide  0.7 Relative ratio of the component   Spain  oil 
        alpha-cadinol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-copaene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  1.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujone  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-farnesene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-phellandrene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-thujone  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  1.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        bornyl acetate  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        calamenene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.5 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  15 Relative ratio of the component      
        carveol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvone  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        carvyl acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-linalool oxide  6.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        citronellal  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        coumarin  0.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        delta-terpineol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        E3,7-2me6me-octadiene-2,6-diol  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        epsilon-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  34.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.7 Relative ratio of the component      
        geranyl acetate  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        isobornyl acetate  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  18.9 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  0.4 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool oxide  6 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrtenol  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        nerol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymen-7-ol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymen-8-ol  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-pinocarveol  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Kubeczka  1982 
 
        alpha-pinene  0.89 Relative ratio of the component   Spain  oil 
        alpha-terpineol  0.66 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-phellandrene  0.26 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  1.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  1.23 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.32 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  12.93 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  28 Relative ratio of the component      
        geraniol  0.16 Relative ratio of the component      
        isoborneol  0.28 Relative ratio of the component      
        limonene  1.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  47.85 Relative ratio of the component      
        p-cymene  0.35 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.22 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.67 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Guillen  1996 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.23 Relative ratio of the component   Spain  oil 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.3 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-pinene  1.11 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinene  0.33 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpineol  0.79 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.69 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-thujene  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        alpha-ylangene  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        ar-curcumene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bisabolene  0.24 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-bourbonene  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-cadinene  0.01 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.47 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-cubebene  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        beta-pinene  1.48 Relative ratio of the component      
        bisabolol oxide  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        borneol  1.13 Relative ratio of the component      
        bornyl acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        bornyl formate  0.11 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphene  0.56 Relative ratio of the component      
        camphor  13.6 Relative ratio of the component      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.59 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-linalool oxide  0.77 Relative ratio of the component      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.61 Relative ratio of the component      
        epoxydihydrolinalool  0.07 Relative ratio of the component      
        eucalyptol  31.31 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesene  0.2 Relative ratio of the component      
        farnesol  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        gamma-cadinene  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
        germacrene A  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexenyl butyrate  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl 2me-butanoate  0.42 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl butyrate  0.37 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl hexanoate  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl isobutyrate  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl pentanoate  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        hexyl tiglate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        isobornyl 3me-butyrate  0.17 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool  36.94 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool acetate  0.1 Relative ratio of the component      
        linalool butyrate  0.03 Relative ratio of the component      
        myrcene  0.15 Relative ratio of the component      
        neryl acetate  0.02 Relative ratio of the component      
        sabinene  0.47 Relative ratio of the component      
        t-cadinol  0.08 Relative ratio of the component      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.19 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-linalool oxide  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        trans-pinocamphone  0.04 Relative ratio of the component      
        tricyclene  0.05 Relative ratio of the component      
        verbenone  0.12 Relative ratio of the component      
 
Reference(s):

Barazandeh, M.M. 2002. Essential oil composition of Lavandula latifolia Medik from Iran. J. Essent. Oil Res. 14(2):103-104.
 
Boelens, M.H. 1986. The essential oil of spike lavender, Lavandula latifolia Vill (L. spica DC). Perfum. Flavor. 11(5):43-63.
 
Canaud, F., and Martineau, M.-O. 1996. Aspic lavande et lavandin. Bull. Union Physiciens. 90:1941-1950.
 
Da Cunha, A.P., Queir�s, M., and Roque, O.R. 1985. Estudio Can'ologicoe determinacao da composicao quimica do oleo essencial de Lavandola latifolia Medicus da Regiao Leira. Bol. Fac. Farm. (Coimbra). 9(1):25-35.
 
De Pascual, T.J., Ovejero, J., Anaya, J., Caballero, E., Hern�ndez, J.M., and Caballero, M.C. 1989. Chemical composition of the Spanish spike oil. Planta Med. 55(4):398.
 
Guill�n, M.D., Cabo, N., and Burillo, J. 1996. Characterisation of the essential oils of some cultivated aromatic plants of industrial interest. J. Sci. Food Agric. 70(3):359-363.
 
Kubeczka, K.-H., and Form�cek, V. 1982. Essential oils analysis by capillary gas chromatography and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. :219-226. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
 
Mizrahi, I., Ju�rez, M.A., Elechosa, M.A., Bandoni, A.L., and N��ez, M. 1999. Composition and quality of essential oils obtained from crops of Lavandula spp. of Argentina. Acta Hort. 4(500):119-125.
 
Naef, R., and Morris, A.F. 1992. Lavender-Lavandin - A composition. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 364-377.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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