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Semiochemicals of Genus Psithyrus

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Uniramia
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Apidae
Subfamily: Apinae
Tribe: Bombini
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Semiochemical(s):

Psithyrus barbutellus Kirby
 
               Kullenberg B  1970  Acta Chem. Scand.  24: 1481   
    E,Z-farnesol    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    E,E-farnesyl acetate    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    18Ac    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus bohemicus Seidl
 
               Luxova A  2004  Chirality  16: 228   
    S-citronellol    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    S-2,3-dihydrofarnesol    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    S-2,3-dihydrofarnesal    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Lanne BS  1987  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B  88: 631   
    Z11-16OH    100 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
M
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    14Ald    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta11-16Ald    25 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta11-18Ald    13 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta13-18Ald    2 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta11-20Ald    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta15-20Ald    7 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta13-18OH    10 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta15-20OH    35 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Kullenberg B  1970  Acta Chem. Scand.  24: 1481   
    delta1-16OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    16Ald    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    16OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14Ald    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus campestris Panzer
 
               Cederberg B  1984  Nova Acta Reg. Soc.  3: 161   
    23Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Labial gland 
    25Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    27Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    16OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    geranyl citronellol    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    geranylgeraniol acetate    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Kullenberg B  1970  Acta Chem. Scand.  24: 1481   
    20OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    18OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus globosus Eversmann
 
               Kullenberg B  1970  Acta Chem. Scand.  24: 1481   
    14Ald    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    16OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    18OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus insularis Smith
 
               Bergstrom G  1996  Bioorg. Med. Chem.  4: 515   
    geranyl citronellol    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Labial gland 
    Z11-18OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    16OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    23Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    25Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus rupestris Fabricius
 
               Lanne BS  1987  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B  88: 631   
    16OH    100 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
M
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    14OH    30 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14Ald    11 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    16Ald    7 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Z9-14OH    6 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Cederberg B  1984  Nova Acta Reg. Soc.  3: 161   
    23Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Labial gland 
    25Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    27Hy    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Kullenberg B  1970  Acta Chem. Scand.  24: 1481   
    geranyl citronellol    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    geranylgeraniol acetate    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus sylvestris Lepeletier
 
               Lanne BS  1987  Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B  88: 631   
    Z11-16OH    100 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
M
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    14Ald    35 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    ethyl-Z9-tetradecenoate    9 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Z11-16Ald    6 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14OH    3 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    ethyl tetradecanoate    1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    ethyl dodecanoate    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    methyl Z9-tetradecenoate    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Kullenberg B  1970  Acta Chem. Scand.  24: 1481   
    delta1-16OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Marking pheromone 
    14Ald    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14OH    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Psithyrus vestalis Geoffroy
 
               L'homme P  2015  Entomol. Exp. Appl.  157: 263   
    14Ac    Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   Al
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Repellent 
 
               Abdoli P  2013  Linzer Biol. Beitr.  45: 1471   
    delta1,7-16Hy    3.33 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
M
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Labial gland 
    delta7-16Ald    2.63 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    E,E-farnesyl acetate    1.7 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    geranyl citronellol    24.2 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta1-22Hy    2.74 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    eicosadienal    13.5 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta15-20Ald    1.76 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    geranylcitronellyl acetate    28.3 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Z9-20OH    6.86 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    23Hy    3.47 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    24Hy    1.41 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    25Hy    2.19 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    27Hy    3.73 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    29Hy    1.16 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
               Valterova I  1996  CCCC  61: 1501   
    geranylcitronellyl acetate    47.8 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active   P
Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone
 
M
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
Labial gland 
    geranyl citronellol    8.2 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    Z15-20OH    4.1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    14Ac    0.1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta9-16Ac    1.5 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta11-16Ac    0.1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta11-18Ald    0.1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    18Ald    0.1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta5,9-21Hy    14.5 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta15-20Ald    6 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    23Hy    3.6 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    delta15-20Ac    1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    25Hy    1.7 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    26Hy    0.1 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    27Hy    1.7 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
    28Hy    0.5 Relative ratio of the component   (*) indicates that compound is active    
Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker
 
Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
�g -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram
 
 
 
 
Reference(s):

L'homme, P., Ayasse, M., Valterov�, I., Lecocq, T., and ,Rasmont P. 2015. A scent shield to survive: identification of the repellent compounds secreted by the male offspring of the cuckoo bumblebee Bombus vestalis. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 157:263-270.
 
Abdoli, P., and Monfared, A.R. 2013. Identification and analysis of the labial gland secretions of the male Bombus (Psithyrus) vestalis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) native Iran. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 45:1471-1478.
 
Luxov�, A., Urbanov�, K., Valterov�, I., Terzo, M., and Borg-Karlson, A.K. 2004. Absolute configuration of chiral terpenes in marking pheromones of bumblebees and cuckoo bumblebees. Chirality. 16:228-233.
 
Bergstr�m, G., Bergman, P., Appelgren, M., and Schmidt, J.O. 1996. Labial gland chemistry of three species of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from North America. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 4:515-519.
 
Valterov�, I., and Svato�, A. 1996. Analysis of the labial gland secretion of the cuckoo-bumblebee (Psithyrus vestalis) males and synthesis of abundant geranylcitronellol. CCCC. 61:1501-1508.
 
Lanne, B.S., Bergstr�m, G., Wassgren, A.-B., and T�rnb�ck, B. 1987. Biogenetic pattern of straight chain marking compounds in male bumble bees. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 88:631-636.
 
Cederberg, B., Svensson, B.G., Bergstr�m, G., Appelgren, M., and I. Groth, I. 1984. Male marking pheromones in north European cuckoo bumble bees Psithyrus (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Nova Acta Reg. Soc. 3:161-166.
 
Kullenberg, B., Bergstr�m, G., and St�llberg-Stenhagen, S. 1970. Volatile components of the marking secretion of male bumblebees. Acta Chem. Scand. 24:1481-1483.
 

 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2025 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
Page created on 19-January-2025