Pheromones and Semiochemicals of genus, Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

Biosci. Biotechn. Biochem.

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

Papilio bianor Cramer

Ono H

2000

64:

1970

2R3R-dihydroxy-2me-g-butyrolactone

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

beta-selinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

E,E-alpha-farnesene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

isovaleric acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio cresphontes Cramer

Eisner T

1970

63:

914

40 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

60 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio demodocus Esper

Burger BV

1985

11:

1093

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

3-hydroxybutanoic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Eisner T

1970

63:

914

45 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

55 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio demoleus Linnaeus

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

28.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

33 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

30 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

37.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

28.8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

28.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

20.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio glaucus Linnaeus

Frankfater C

2009

19:

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 3rd instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial gland

alpha-thujene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

camphene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-phellandrene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-terpinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

p-cymene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

gamma-terpinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta-elemene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-ylangene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-copaene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

cyperene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

methyl eugenol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

beta-cedrene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

gamma-elemene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-trans-bergamotene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-himachalene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-acoradiene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

gamma-gurjunene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

gamma-himachalene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

germacrene D

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

gamma-curcumene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-muurolene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

beta-bisabolene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

cis-gamma-bisabolene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta-cadinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

trans-gamma-bisabolene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

alpha-cadinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

hinesol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

Z-alpha-bisabolene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Eisner T

1970

63:

914

64 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

36 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio helenus Linnaeus

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

E,E-alpha-farnesene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio maackii M�n�tries

Honda K

2011

37:

575

phellamurin

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

beta-selinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

E,E-alpha-farnesene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

isovaleric acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio machaon Linnaeus

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caryophyllene oxide

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Eisner T

1965b

Science

150:

1733

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio machaon hippocrates Felder

Baur R

1995

Z3-6Ac

A �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio macilentus Janson

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

72 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

12.7 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

6.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

8.2 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

22.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

24.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

11.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Z,E-alpha-farnesene

14 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

3.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

5.2 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Nishida R

1994a

68:

394

cnidioside A

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

Papilio memnon Linnaeus

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caryophyllene oxide

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer

Chow YS

1987

Chin. J. Entomol.

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio palamedes Drury

Eisner T

1970

63:

914

21 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

79 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio paris Linnaeus

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

12.5 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

49.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

23.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

3.2 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

8.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1.8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

15.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

3.8 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio polytes Linnaeus

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

4.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

51 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

42.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

13.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

29.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

41.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

4.9 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

1.6 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2005

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

40:

421

29Hy

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

M&F �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Volatile component

palmitic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

28Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Z7-27Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

27Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

myristic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

26Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Z7-25Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

25Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

lauric acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Z7-23Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

23Hy

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caprinic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Nakayama T

2003

trans-4-hydroxy-methyl-proline

29:

1621

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

2-methyl-erythronic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius

Baur R

1993

19:

919

Z3-6Ac

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

trans-sabinene hydrate

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

cis-sabinene hydrate

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

terpinen-4-ol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

bornyl acetate

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Feeny P

1988

Phytochem.

27:

3439

chlorogenic acid

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

luteolin 7-O-6-O-malonyl-b-d-glucopyranoside

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Eisner T

1970

63:

914

40 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

60 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio polyxenes asterius StoIl

Baur R

1995

E2-6Ald

A �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

terpinen-4-ol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio protenor demetrius Stoll

Omura H

2012

67:

331

29Hy

11.71 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

M �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Extract

27Hy

10.88 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

palmitic acid

1.96 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

stearic acid

1.69 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

23Hy

7.42 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta7-25Hy

8.28 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

25Hy

5.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

25-8Kt

1.03 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta7-27Hy

3.76 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

28Hy

1.04 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

squalene

3.11 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

cholesterol

1.77 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

31Hy

4.47 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

32Hy

1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

38Hy

1.33 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2012

67:

331

29Hy

14.62 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Extract

27Hy

13.25 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

palmitic acid

3.13 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

stearic acid

1.71 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

23Hy

6.71 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta6,9-25Hy

1.15 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta9-25Hy

3.65 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

delta7-27Hy

4.37 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

25Hy

4.77 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

28Hy

1.19 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

squalene

4.16 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

cholesterol

1.72 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

31Hy

4.21 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2012

67:

331

styrene

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

M �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Wings

acetoin

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

7Ald

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2-ethyl-6OH

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

9Ald

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2,3-butanediol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

naphthalene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

valeric acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

methyl salicylate

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

acetamide

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caproic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

phenylmethanol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

enanthic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

pyrrolidin-2Kt

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caprylic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

pelargonic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caprinic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

11Acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

benzoic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2012

67:

331

styrene

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Wings

acetoin

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

7Ald

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2-ethyl-6OH

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

9Ald

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

2,3-butanediol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

naphthalene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

valeric acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

methyl salicylate

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

acetamide

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caproic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

phenylmethanol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

enanthic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

pyrrolidin-2Kt

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caprylic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

pelargonic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caprinic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

11Acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

benzoic acid

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

2011

37:

575

phellamurin

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

Honda K

1980a

J. Insect Physiol.

26:

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Honda K

1980a

J. Insect Physiol.

26:

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 3rd, 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

caryophyllene oxide

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio troilus Linnaeus

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

49.5 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 5th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

1.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

15.5 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

24.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Omura H

2006

32:

1999

5.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

9.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

19.5 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

7.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

19 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

8.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Z-alpha-bisabolene

14.1 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

7 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

E-alpha-bisabolene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Carter M

1999

3-caffeoyl-muco-quinic acid

25:

1233

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Oviposition stimulant

Baur R

1995

Z3-6Ac

A �Category of the chemical signal

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

terpinen-4-ol

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Eisner T

1970

63:

914

41 �Relative ratio of the component�

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Defense substance

59 �Relative ratio of the component�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Papilio xuthus Linnaeus

Honda K

1981

1089

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Osmeterial secretion

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

beta-selinene

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Larvae 4th instar �Source of the chemical signal

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�

pg -	Picogram
ng -	Nanogram
�g -	Microgram
mg -	Milligram
g -	Gram�

Harashima K

1976

Agric. Biol. Chem.

40:

711

papilioerythrinone

A -	Attractant
Al -	Allomone
K -	Kairomone
P -	Pheromone
Sy -	Synomone�

F -	Female
H -	Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -	Lure
M -	Male
M&F -	Male and Female
S -	Solider
Q -	Queen
W -	Worker�