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Environ Sci Technol

Title:		Chemical and Physical Characterization of 3D Printer Aerosol Emissions with and without a Filter Attachment
Author(s):		Katz EF; Goetz JD; Wang C; Hart JL; Terranova B; Taheri ML; Waring MS; DeCarlo PF;
Address:		"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Technol
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200106
Issue:		2
Page Number:		947 - 954
DOI:		10.1021/acs.est.9b04012
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers have been shown to emit ultrafine particles (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Previous studies have quantified bulk 3D printer particle and VOC emission rates, as well as described particle chemical composition via ex situ analysis. Here, we present size-resolved aerosol composition measurements from in situ aerosol mass spectrometry and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particles were sampled for in situ analysis during acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) 3D printing activities and ex situ analysis during ABS printing. We examined the effect of a high-efficiency particulate air filter attachment on ABS emissions and particle chemical composition and demonstrate that filtration was effective in preventing UFP emissions and that particles sampled during filtered prints did not have a high contribution ( approximately 4% vs approximately 10%) from aromatic ions in the mass spectrum. Ex situ analysis of particles collected during ABS printing was performed via TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy, which indicated a high level of sp(2) bonding type consistent with polymeric styrene. One 3D print with PLA resulted in an aerosol mass size distribution with a peak at approximately 300 nm. Unfiltered ABS prints resulted in particle mass size distributions with peak diameters of approximately 100 nm"
Keywords:		"Aerosols *Air Pollution, Indoor Particle Size Particulate Matter Styrene *Volatile Organic Compounds;"
Notes:		"MedlineKatz, Erin F Goetz, J Douglas Wang, Chunyi Hart, James L Terranova, Brandon Taheri, Mitra L Waring, Michael S DeCarlo, Peter F eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2019/12/14 Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jan 21; 54(2):947-954. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04012. Epub 2020 Jan 6"