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Nat Microbiol

Title:		DSYB catalyses the key step of dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in many phytoplankton
Author(s):		Curson ARJ; Williams BT; Pinchbeck BJ; Sims LP; Martinez AB; Rivera PPL; Kumaresan D; Mercade E; Spurgin LG; Carrion O; Moxon S; Cattolico RA; Kuzhiumparambil U; Guagliardo P; Clode PL; Raina JB; Todd JD;
Address:		"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK. Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. jonathan.todd@uea.ac.uk"
Journal Title:		Nat Microbiol
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180226
Issue:		4
Page Number:		430 - 439
DOI:		10.1038/s41564-018-0119-5
ISSN/ISBN:		2058-5276 (Electronic) 2058-5276 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a globally important organosulfur molecule and the major precursor for dimethyl sulfide. These compounds are important info-chemicals, key nutrients for marine microorganisms, and are involved in global sulfur cycling, atmospheric chemistry and cloud formation(1-3). DMSP production was thought to be confined to eukaryotes, but heterotrophic bacteria can also produce DMSP through the pathway used by most phytoplankton (4) , and the DsyB enzyme catalysing the key step of this pathway in bacteria was recently identified (5) . However, eukaryotic phytoplankton probably produce most of Earth's DMSP, yet no DMSP biosynthesis genes have been identified in any such organisms. Here we identify functional dsyB homologues, termed DSYB, in many phytoplankton and corals. DSYB is a methylthiohydroxybutryate methyltransferase enzyme localized in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum, and stable isotope tracking experiments support these organelles as sites of DMSP synthesis. DSYB transcription levels increased with DMSP concentrations in different phytoplankton and were indicative of intracellular DMSP. Identification of the eukaryotic DSYB sequences, along with bacterial dsyB, provides the first molecular tools to predict the relative contributions of eukaryotes and prokaryotes to global DMSP production. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis suggests that eukaryotic DSYB originated in bacteria and was passed to eukaryotes early in their evolution"
Keywords:		Chloroplasts/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism Diatoms/enzymology/genetics Dinoflagellida/enzymology/genetics Haptophyta/*enzymology/genetics Methyltransferases/*genetics/metabolism Mitochondria/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism Phytoplankton/metabolism Sulfo;
Notes:		"MedlineCurson, Andrew R J Williams, Beth T Pinchbeck, Benjamin J Sims, Leanne P Martinez, Ana Bermejo Rivera, Peter Paolo L Kumaresan, Deepak Mercade, Elena Spurgin, Lewis G Carrion, Ornella Moxon, Simon Cattolico, Rose Ann Kuzhiumparambil, Unnikrishnan Guagliardo, Paul Clode, Peta L Raina, Jean-Baptiste Todd, Jonathan D eng Letter Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2018/02/28 Nat Microbiol. 2018 Apr; 3(4):430-439. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0119-5. Epub 2018 Feb 26"