| Title: | Volatile organic compounds: A proinflammatory activator in autoimmune diseases |
| Author(s): | Ogbodo JO; Arazu AV; Iguh TC; Onwodi NJ; Ezike TC; |
| Address: | "Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukkagu, Enugu State, Nigeria. Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria" |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928379 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1664-3224 (Electronic) 1664-3224 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, has been linked to human exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the environment. Chronic inflammation due to immune breakdown and malfunctioning of the immune system has been projected to play a major role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune disorders. Macrophages, major phagocytes involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation, are a major target of VOC. Excessive and prolonged activation of immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) and overexpression of the master pro-inflammatory constituents [cytokine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, together with other mediators (interleukin-6, interleukin-1, and interferon-gamma)] have been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory responses. The function and efficiency of the immune system resulting in immunostimulation and immunosuppression are a result of exogenous and endogenous factors. An autoimmune disorder is a by-product of the overproduction of these inflammatory mediators. Additionally, an excess of these toxicants helps in promoting autoimmunity through alterations in DNA methylation in CD4 T cells. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the possible role of VOC exposure in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases" |
| Keywords: | "*Arthritis, Rheumatoid *Autoimmune Diseases Autoimmunity Humans Inflammation *Volatile Organic Compounds Voc autoimmune diseases immune system and etiopathogenesis proinflammatory mediators;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineOgbodo, John Onyebuchi Arazu, Amarachukwu Vivan Iguh, Tochukwu Chisom Onwodi, Ngozichukwuka Julie Ezike, Tobechukwu Christian eng Review Switzerland 2022/08/16 Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 29; 13:928379. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928379. eCollection 2022" |
