| Title: | "Aggregation pheromone of the Qinghai spruce bark beetle, Ips nitidus eggers" |
| Author(s): | Zhang QH; Ma JH; Zhao FY; Song LW; Sun JH; |
| Address: | "Sterling International, Inc., 3808 N. Sullivan Rd, Bldg 16p, Spokane, WA 99216-1630, USA. qing-he@rescue.com" |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10886-009-9634-4 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatiles from hindgut extracts of males of the Qinghai spruce bark beetle, Ips nitidus, from different attack phases (phase 1: unpaired males and phases 2-4: males joined with one to three females) and hindgut extracts of mated females were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)/flame ionization detection (FID) with both polar and enantioselective columns. The GC-MS/FID analyses demonstrated that unpaired males from attack phase 1 (nuptial chamber constructed) produced 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, approx. 74%-(-)-ipsdienol, and (-)-cis-verbenol as major hindgut components, and (-)-trans-verbenol, (-)-ipsenol, (-)-verbenone, myrtenol, and 2-phenylethanol as minor or trace components. The quantities of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and especially ipsdienol decreased after mating during phases 2-4, whereas the quantities of (-)-cis- and (-)-trans-verbenol did not change. In contrast, the quantity of (-)-ipsenol seemed to increase as mating activity progressed. After mating with three females (harem size = 3; phase 4), only trace to small amounts of male-specific compounds were detected from I. nitidus male hindguts. Chemical analysis of the hindgut extracts of mated females showed only trace amounts of semiochemicals. A field-trapping bioassay in Qinghai, China showed that the four-component 'full blend' containing the three major components, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, (+/-)-ipsdienol, and (-)-cis-verbenol, plus a minor component, (-)-trans-verbenol, caught significantly more I. nitidus (male/female = 1:2.2) than did the unbaited control and two binary blends. The replacement of (+/-)-ipsdienol with nearly enantiomerically pure (-)-ipsdienol in the 'full blend' significantly reduced trap catches, which suggests that both enantiomers are needed for attraction. On the other hand, removal of (-)-trans-verbenol from the active 'full blend' had no significant effect on trap catches. Our results suggest that the three major components, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 74%-(-)-ipsdienol, and (-)-cis-verbenol (at 7:2:1), produced by unpaired fed males, are likely the aggregation pheromone components of I. nitidus, thus representing the first characterization of an aggregation pheromone system of a bark beetle native solely to China" |
| Keywords: | "Acyclic Monoterpenes Animals Bicyclic Monoterpenes Female Male Monoterpenes/analysis/pharmacology Octanols/analysis/pharmacology Pentanols/analysis/pharmacology Pheromones/*analysis/chemistry Sexual Behavior, Animal Volatilization Weevils/*chemistry;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineZhang, Qing-He Ma, Jian-Hai Zhao, Feng-Yu Song, Li-Wen Sun, Jiang-Hua eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2009/05/02 J Chem Ecol. 2009 May; 35(5):610-7. doi: 10.1007/s10886-009-9634-4. Epub 2009 May 1" |
