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J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng

Title:		Extraction and solubilization of crude oil and volatile petroleum hydrocarbons by purified humic and fulvic acids and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Author(s):		Eljack MD; Hussam A;
Address:		"a Center for Clean Water and Sustainable Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , George Mason University , Fairfax , Virginia , USA"
Journal Title:		J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng
Year:		2014
Volume:		49
Issue:		14
Page Number:		1623 - 1630
DOI:		10.1080/10934529.2014.951198
ISSN/ISBN:		1532-4117 (Electronic) 1093-4529 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Solubilization of crude oil (Fula, Sudan) in water demonstrates humic acid (HA), completely dissolves oil with a solubilization efficiency of 1600 g oil /g HA. The order of solubilization increases: HA > HA+ FA (fulvic acid) >> FA >>> SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate). Synthetic surfactant like, SDBS, exhibits the lowest efficiency even with 23 times the concentration of FA or HA. Extraction of diesel contaminated sand and GC-MS analysis show that HA and FA exhibit 50-90% extraction efficiency for C10-C22 at pH 11.9 with just one extraction. SDBS exhibits the least removal efficiency (<1%) for normal hydrocarbons. The effect of pH on extraction with HA by its micelles such as the surface active property was found to be greater than that for FA. On the basis of critical concentration, the extraction efficiencies with FA and HA are 1287 and 11453 times compared to SDBS, respectively, for the least extracted hydrocarbon at pH 10.8. The HSGC experiments showed that the solubilization efficiency of alkylbenzenes in gasoline (Shell 87) increases almost linearly with FA concentration with a slight deviation at 5-6 muM FA. About 35-60% of alkylbenzenes in gasoline were solubilized and partitioned at the highest FA concentration (15 muM) studied. Both studies with gasoline and diesel show similar extraction efficiencies even at 227-fold increased FA with diesel"
Keywords:		"Benzenesulfonates/chemistry Benzopyrans/chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry *Humic Substances *Petroleum Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Surface-Active Agents/*chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/*chemistry Wate;"
Notes:		"MedlineEljack, Mahmoud D Hussam, Abul eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2014/10/17 J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2014; 49(14):1623-30. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2014.951198"