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J Evol Biol

Title:		Phenotypic differentiation is associated with divergent sexual selection among closely related barn swallow populations
Author(s):		Wilkins MR; Karaardic H; Vortman Y; Parchman TL; Albrecht T; Petrzelkova A; Ozkan L; Pap PL; Hubbard JK; Hund AK; Safran RJ;
Address:		"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Elementary Science Education Department, Education Faculty, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey. Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Department of Animal Sciences, Hula Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel. Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA. Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. Department of Zoology and Ecology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Forestry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey. Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"
Journal Title:		J Evol Biol
Year:		2016
Volume:		20160904
Issue:		12
Page Number:		2410 - 2421
DOI:		10.1111/jeb.12965
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-9101 (Electronic) 1010-061X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Sexual selection plays a key role in the diversification of numerous animal clades and may accelerate trait divergence during speciation. However, much of our understanding of this process comes from phylogenetic comparative studies, which rely on surrogate measures such as dimorphism that may not represent selection in wild populations. In this study, we assess sexual selection pressures for multiple male visual signals across four barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) populations. Our sample encompassed 2400 linear km and two described subspecies: European H. r. rustica (in the Czech Republic and Romania) and eastern Mediterranean H. r. transitiva (in Israel), as well as a potential area of contact (in Turkey). We demonstrate significant phenotypic differentiation in four sexual signalling axes, despite very low-level genomic divergence and no comparable divergence in an ecological trait. Moreover, the direction of phenotypic divergence is consistent with differences in sexual selection pressures among subspecies. Thus, H. r. transitiva, which have the darkest ventral plumage of any population, experience directional selection for darker plumage. Similarly, H. r. rustica, which have the longest tail feathers of any population, experience directional selection for elongated tail feathers and disruptive selection for ventral plumage saturation. These results suggest that sexual selection is the primary driver of phenotypic differentiation in this species. Our findings add to growing evidence of phenotypic divergence with gene flow. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to relate direct measures of the strength and targets of sexual selection to phenotypic divergence among closely related wild populations"
Keywords:		"Animals Czech Republic *Gene Flow Israel Male *Mating Preference, Animal Phenotype *Phylogeny Romania *Swallows *birds *natural selection *population genetics *sexual selection & conflicts *speciation;"
Notes:		"MedlineWilkins, M R Karaardic, H Vortman, Y Parchman, T L Albrecht, T Petrzelkova, A Ozkan, L Pap, P L Hubbard, J K Hund, A K Safran, R J eng Switzerland 2016/08/19 J Evol Biol. 2016 Dec; 29(12):2410-2421. doi: 10.1111/jeb.12965. Epub 2016 Sep 4"