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Int J Hyg Environ Health

Title:		Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers
Author(s):		Schober W; Szendrei K; Matzen W; Osiander-Fuchs H; Heitmann D; Schettgen T; Jorres RA; Fromme H;
Address:		"Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: wolfgang.schober@lgl.bayern.de. Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538 Munich, Germany. Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Cosmetics and Tobacco Products, Veterinarstrasse 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. Bavarian Environment Agency, Burgermeister-Ulrich-Strasse 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany. Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany"
Journal Title:		Int J Hyg Environ Health
Year:		2014
Volume:		20131206
Issue:		6
Page Number:		628 - 637
DOI:		10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.003
ISSN/ISBN:		1618-131X (Electronic) 1438-4639 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Despite the recent popularity of e-cigarettes, to date only limited data is available on their safety for both users and secondhand smokers. The present study reports a comprehensive inner and outer exposure assessment of e-cigarette emissions in terms of particulate matter (PM), particle number concentrations (PNC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), carbonyls, and metals. In six vaping sessions nine volunteers consumed e-cigarettes with and without nicotine in a thoroughly ventilated room for two hours. We analyzed the levels of e-cigarette pollutants in indoor air and monitored effects on FeNO release and urinary metabolite profile of the subjects. For comparison, the components of the e-cigarette solutions (liquids) were additionally analyzed. During the vaping sessions substantial amounts of 1,2-propanediol, glycerine and nicotine were found in the gas-phase, as well as high concentrations of PM2.5 (mean 197 mug/m(3)). The concentration of putative carcinogenic PAH in indoor air increased by 20% to 147 ng/m(3), and aluminum showed a 2.4-fold increase. PNC ranged from 48,620 to 88,386 particles/cm(3) (median), with peaks at diameters 24-36 nm. FeNO increased in 7 of 9 individuals. The nicotine content of the liquids varied and was 1.2-fold higher than claimed by the manufacturer. Our data confirm that e-cigarettes are not emission-free and their pollutants could be of health concern for users and secondhand smokers. In particular, ultrafine particles formed from supersaturated 1,2-propanediol vapor can be deposited in the lung, and aerosolized nicotine seems capable of increasing the release of the inflammatory signaling molecule NO upon inhalation. In view of consumer safety, e-cigarettes and nicotine liquids should be officially regulated and labeled with appropriate warnings of potential health effects, particularly of toxicity risk in children"
Keywords:		"Adult Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/*adverse effects Humans Lung/*metabolism Male Metals/analysis Nicotine/administration & dosage Nitric Oxide/*metabolism Particle Size Polycyclic Aromatic H;"
Notes:		"MedlineSchober, Wolfgang Szendrei, Katalin Matzen, Wolfgang Osiander-Fuchs, Helga Heitmann, Dieter Schettgen, Thomas Jorres, Rudolf A Fromme, Hermann eng Clinical Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany 2014/01/01 Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Jul; 217(6):628-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Dec 6"