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Insects

Title:		Toward the Integration of an Attract-and-Kill Approach with Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Multiple Life Stages of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Author(s):		Pinero JC; Shapiro-Ilan D; Cooley DR; Tuttle AF; Eaton A; Drohan P; Leahy K; Zhang A; Hancock T; Wallingford AK; Leskey TC;
Address:		"Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. USDA ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA 31008, USA. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension, Durham, NH 03824, USA. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Polaris Orchard Integrated Pest Management for New England, Colrain, MA 01340, USA. USDA ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. USAMIRIID, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA"
Journal Title:		Insects
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200617
Issue:		6
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/insects11060375
ISSN/ISBN:		2075-4450 (Print) 2075-4450 (Electronic) 2075-4450 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Efforts to reduce insecticide inputs against plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, a key pest of apples in eastern North America, include perimeter-row insecticide sprays applied after the whole-orchard petal fall spray to manage dispersing adults and, more recently, insecticide sprays confined to odor-baited trap trees. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are virulent to ground-dwelling stages of C. nenuphar, and may be applied to the ground underneath trap-tree canopies. Here, we (1) compared the efficacy of the odor-baited trap tree approach with grower-prescribed (=grower standard) sprays to manage C. nenuphar populations over a six-year period in seven commercial apple orchards in New England; and (2) assessed the performance of the EPN Steinernema riobrave at suppressing ground-dwelling stages of C. nenuphar. In addition, the performance of S. riobrave was compared against that of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae in one year. Across the six years, percent fruit injury on trap tree plots averaged 11.3% on odor-baited trap trees and 1.4% on unbaited trees in grower standard plots, highlighting the ability of trap trees to aggregate C. nenuphar activity and subsequent injury. Mean percentage injury on fruit sampled from interior trees, the strongest measure of treatment performance, in trap tree plots did not differ significantly from that recorded on interior trees in grower standard spray plots (0.95 vs. 0.68%, respectively). Steinernema riobrave consistently reduced C. nenuphar populations as indicated by the significantly lower number of adult C. nenuphar that emerged from the soil, when compared to water control. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. riobrave performed similarly well, and both EPN species outperformed S. feltiae. Our combined findings indicate that an IPM approach that targets multiple life stages of C. nenuphar has the potential to manage this pest more sustainably in a reduced-spray environment"
Keywords:		aggregation behavior biological control integrated pest management semiochemicals;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEPinero, Jaime C Shapiro-Ilan, David Cooley, Daniel R Tuttle, Arthur F Eaton, Alan Drohan, Patrick Leahy, Kathleen Zhang, Aijun Hancock, Torri Wallingford, Anna K Leskey, Tracy C eng 2009-51181-06005/National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ 2018-2019/New England Tree Fruit Research Committee/ 2019 Summer Scholars Undergraduate Internship Program./College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst/ N/A/Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst/ Switzerland 2020/06/21 Insects. 2020 Jun 17; 11(6):375. doi: 10.3390/insects11060375"