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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Replacement of carcinogenic solvent HMPA by DMI in insect sex pheromone synthesis
Author(s):		Lo CC; Chao PM;
Address:		"Pesticide Chemistry Department, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute (TACTRI), Taiwan, R. O. C."
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		1990
Volume:		16
Issue:		12
Page Number:		3245 - 3253
DOI:		10.1007/BF00982095
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) is a good solvent for the alkylation of terminal acetylenes; however, it has been proven to be a carcinogen towards rats and should be considered as a serious risk to man when a large-scale synthesis is involved. Thus the search for a safe alternative is important. The physical properties of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) are similar to DMPU (1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-hexahydropyrimidine) and HMPA, but the potential toxicological risk of DMI is less than DMPU and HMPA. When used in the alkylation of terminal acetylenes, DMI is comparable with HMPA, thus it is a good alternative solvent to the carcinogen HMPA in the alkylation because it provides a safer working environment than DMPU and HMPA"
Keywords:
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINELo, C C Chao, P M eng 1990/12/01 J Chem Ecol. 1990 Dec; 16(12):3245-53. doi: 10.1007/BF00982095"