| Title: | "Volatile Organic Compounds, Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples" |
| Author(s): | Garzon-Serrano AY; Sierra CA; Rodriguez-Bejarano O; Sinuco D; |
| Address: | "Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica, Grupo de Investigacion en Macromoleculas (Macromolecules Research Group), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogota, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogota, Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica, Bioprospeccion de Compuestos Volatiles (Volatile Compounds Bioprospecting), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogota, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogota, Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica, Grupo de Electroquimica y Termodinamica Computacional (Electrochemistry and Computational Thermodynamics Group), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogota, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogota, Colombia" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1556-4029 (Electronic) 0022-1198 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Ammonium nitrate fuel oil is an explosive mixture found in most antipersonnel landmines (APL) buried throughout the Colombian territory. During more than 50 years of internal conflict, the Colombian government has found that trained dogs are the most effective method to detect APL. However, the olfactive signature in ANFO is unknown and also if there are differences in detection related to the explosive manufacturing origin. Therefore, this work begins with the analytical validation of the method used to determine ammonia, in its derivatized form as carbamate, released by home-made ANFO using HS-SPME-GC-FID. Once validated, the method was used to identify ammonia and other organic volatile compounds present in ANFO, under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The validation process includes the evaluation of the optimum conditions for the derivation and extraction of butylcarbamate, the determination of the working ranges with linear response in FID, the limits of detection and quantification, the sensitivity, and the precision. The results of the validation established linearity and sensitivity in a concentration between 20 and 120 mg/L, as well as low limits of detection and quantification of 6.4 and 21.4 mg/L, respectively. Also, an intermediate precision of 11% for butylcarbamate with a repeatability of 8%. The validated method showed in real samples of home-made ANFO besides ammonia, the presence of low molecular methylamines, and also exhibited differences in volatile compositions according to the origin. The objective of this work is to offer a reliable analytical methodology for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from ANFO" |
| Keywords: | Anfo Gc-fid Hs-spme ammonia detection ammonium nitrate fuel oil morphology spectral characterization; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINEGarzon-Serrano, Andrea Y Sierra, Cesar A Rodriguez-Bejarano, Oscar Sinuco, Diana eng 201010026474-2017/Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion/ 2020/03/17 J Forensic Sci. 2020 Jul; 65(4):1085-1093. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14312. Epub 2020 Mar 16" |
