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J Food Sci

Title:		Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia manshurica from Amazonian biome affect the parameters of quality and aromatic profile of fermented and dried cocoa beans
Author(s):		Ferreira OS; Chagas-Junior GCA; Chiste RC; Martins L; Andrade EHA; Nascimento LDD; Lopes AS;
Address:		"Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Belem, Para, Brazil. Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Belem, Para, Brazil. Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem, Para, Brazil. Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil"
Journal Title:		J Food Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220820
Issue:		9
Page Number:		4148 - 4161
DOI:		10.1111/1750-3841.16282
ISSN/ISBN:		1750-3841 (Electronic) 0022-1147 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The use of yeasts as starter cultures is a promising alternative to produce fermented cacao with particular characteristics regarding the quality of aromas and physical and chemical characteristics that are accepted by the chocolate market. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical transformations of cocoa beans during fermentation after inoculation with starter cultures of yeast species Pichia manshurica (PF) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SF), both previously isolated in cocoa bean fermentations in the Brazilian Amazon, in comparison with a fermentation without the inoculum addition (CF). During the fermentation time, which was carried out on a cocoa farm in Igarape-Miri (Amazon biome, Para, Brazil), the contents of phenolic compounds (catechin and epicatechin), sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), acetic acid, and ethanol were monitored by HPLC, and the volatile compounds profiles were assessed by GC-MS. The starter culture of P. manshurica was able to produce fermented cocoa beans with highly desirable characteristics for the production of good quality chocolate: low acidity, a broad variety of aromatic compounds with floral, fruity, and sweet characteristics, in addition to showing high contents of catechin and epicatechin, which are known by their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the use of starter cultures with species of yeasts isolated in the Amazon region, during cocoa fermentation, is an alternative to obtain fermented seeds with high quality favoring the commercial agreements in the chocolate market by cocoa producers. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The addition of starter cultures was able to produce cocoa beans with good quality. Yeasts species isolated and identified in Amazonian cocoa fermentation can improve the profiles of aromatic compounds. Catechin and epicatechin contents are higher in inoculated cocoa beans fermentations"
Keywords:		Antioxidants *Cacao/chemistry *Catechin Ecosystem Ethanol Fermentation Fructose Glucose Pichia Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sucrose Sugars Gc-ms benzaldehyde chocolate epicatechin;
Notes:		"MedlineFerreira, Osienne de Sousa Chagas-Junior, Gilson C A Chiste, Renan Campos Martins, Luiza Helena da Silva Andrade, Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Nascimento, Lidiane Diniz do Lopes, Alessandra Santos eng 2022/08/21 J Food Sci. 2022 Sep; 87(9):4148-4161. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.16282. Epub 2022 Aug 20"