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Nutrients

Title:		Particle Size Distribution and Predicted Lipid Bioaccessibility of Almonds and the Effect of Almond Processing: A Randomised Mastication Study in Healthy Adults
Author(s):		Creedon AC; Hung ES; Dimidi E; Grassby T; Berry SE; Whelan K;
Address:		"Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK. School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"
Journal Title:		Nutrients
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230117
Issue:		3
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/nu15030489
ISSN/ISBN:		2072-6643 (Electronic) 2072-6643 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Almonds are rich in unsaturated lipids, which play a role in some of the reported benefits of almond consumption for human health. Almond lipids are poorly bioaccessible due to almonds' unique physicochemical properties that influence particle size distribution (PSD) following mastication, allowing much intracellular lipid to escape digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the impact of commercial processing (grinding almonds into flour), on PSD and predicted lipid bioaccessibility following mastication, a randomised cross-over design mastication study was conducted in healthy adults. The PSDs of masticated whole and ground almonds was assessed using two laboratory methods (mechanical sieving and laser diffraction). PSD from mechanical sieving was used to calculate lipid bioaccessibility using a theoretical mathematical model. Thirty-one healthy adults (18-45 years) completed both mastication sessions. Following mastication, ground almonds had a PSD with significantly fewer larger particles and more smaller particles, compared with whole almonds. Predicted lipid bioaccessibility of masticated ground almonds (10.4%, SD 1.8) was marginally but significantly greater than the predicted lipid bioaccessibility of masticated whole almonds (9.3%, SD 2.0; p = 0.017). Commercial grinding of almonds significantly influences the PSD of almonds following mastication, which results in a modest but significant increase in predicted lipid bioaccessibility"
Keywords:		Humans Adult *Prunus dulcis/chemistry Mastication Particle Size *Prunus/chemistry Digestion Lipids almond lipid bioaccessibility particle size distribution plant foods processing whole foods;
Notes:		"MedlineCreedon, Alice C Hung, Estella S Dimidi, Eirini Grassby, Terri Berry, Sarah E Whelan, Kevin eng RGA-06-17/Almond Board of California/ Randomized Controlled Trial Switzerland 2023/02/12 Nutrients. 2023 Jan 17; 15(3):489. doi: 10.3390/nu15030489"