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Ann Bot

Title:		"Floral morphology and anatomy of Ophiocaryon, a paedomorphic genus of Sabiaceae"
Author(s):		Thaowetsuwan P; Honorio Coronado EN; Ronse De Craene LP;
Address:		"Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK. School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Av. Jose A. Quinones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru"
Journal Title:		Ann Bot
Year:		2017
Volume:		120
Issue:		5
Page Number:		819 - 832
DOI:		10.1093/aob/mcx115
ISSN/ISBN:		1095-8290 (Electronic) 0305-7364 (Print) 0305-7364 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ophiocaryon is a lesser known genus in Sabiaceae. This study examines flowers of six Ophiocaryon species in comparison with Meliosmaalba, to identify taxonomically informative characters for understanding relationships within the family Sabiaceae, to imply previously unknown pollination mechanisms of Ophiocaryon, and to contribute to the placement of Sabiaceae within the early-diverging eudicots. METHODS: Floral morphology and anatomy of six Ophiocaryon species and M. alba were studied and described using scanning electron microscopy, clearing techniques and resin sectioning. KEY RESULTS: Novel characters of Ophiocaryon were identified, e.g. conical cells on petals, different kinds of orbicules in anthers, stomata on nectary appendage tips and ovary, two distinct surface patterns on stamens and ovary, tanniferous cell layers in the ovary wall, and acorn-shaped unitegmic ovules with very short integuments. Comparison of floral characters between Ophiocaryon and Meliosma found that the calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium of Ophiocaryon resemble an undeveloped state of the latter taxon, reflecting a paedomorphic regression of the flower of Ophiocaryon. The flower morphology and anatomy of Ophiocaryon was compared with its putative sister species M. alba, but no clear shared derived characters could be detected. Moreover, the findings of scent, presence of conical cells on petals and a nectary suggest flowers are pollinated by small insects with a secondary pollen presentation on the cupula of fertile stamens. CONCLUSIONS: We found that Ophiocaryon may be derived from ancestors that were similar to extant Meliosma in their flower structure and pollination mechanism. However, the lack of shared derived characters between Ophiocaryon and its phylogenetic sister group M. alba is puzzling and requires further investigations on the diversity of the latter species"
Keywords:		"Biological Evolution Flowers/*anatomy & histology/ultrastructure Magnoliopsida/*anatomy & histology/classification/ultrastructure Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Phylogeny Basal eudicots Meliosma alba Ophiocaryon Sabiaceae floral anatomy nectary paedomorph;"
Notes:		"MedlineThaowetsuwan, P Honorio Coronado, E N Ronse De Craene, L P eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2017/10/28 Ann Bot. 2017 Nov 10; 120(5):819-832. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcx115"