| Title: | Impact of Filter on the Estimation of Quantitative Mixture Risk Caused by Some Chemical Constituents Generated from Popular Cigarette Brands in Iran |
| Author(s): | Rahimpoor R; Gohari-Ensaf F; Poorolajal J; Assari MJ; |
| Address: | "Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2008-4633 (Print) 2008-8469 (Electronic) 2008-4633 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of filter on the eventual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by the main toxic constituents of popular cigarette brands in Iran. METHODS: At this laboratory study, the concentration of benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in the mainstream smoke of 11 popular cigarette brands in Iran, on the without and with-filter modes was determined based on an established method. The hazard quotient (HQ), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and mixture quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) were performed based on the QRA method recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). FINDINGS: The mean of HQ due to benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in without-filter cigarette smoke was from 3.96 to 3505. The findings indicated that the HQs related to benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in cigarette smoke were decreased with filter by 48.3%, 25.3%, 37.6%, and 49.1%, respectively. The filter of cigarette decreased ILCR of benzene, formaldehyde, arsenic, and cadmium in cigarette smoke by 53.02%, 25.31%, 37.70%, and 61.01%, respectively. The mixture of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic estimated risks due to inhalation of studied cigarettes smoke was very high and unacceptable. CONCLUSION: The cigarette filter plays an essential role in reducing inhalation exposure to hazardous compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke; nevertheless, the average of overall mixture HQs and ILCRs estimated caused by studied compounds was higher than the acceptable value. It is recommended that future empirical studies investigate the impact of the type of fiber used in cigarette filter on reducing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by cigarette smoke" |
| Keywords: | Cigarette smoking Tobacco products Volatile organic compounds; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINERahimpoor, Razzagh Gohari-Ensaf, Fatemeh Poorolajal, Jalal Assari, Mohammad Javad eng Iran 2020/11/28 Addict Health. 2020 Jul; 12(3):175-185. doi: 10.22122/ahj.v12i3.275" |
