| Title: | HPLC Separation of 2-Ethyl-5(6)-methylpyrazine and Its Electroantennogram and Alarm Activities on Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) |
| Author(s): | Li YY; Lu YY; Lu M; Wei HY; Chen L; |
| Address: | "State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. liyaya0107@163.com. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. liyaya0107@163.com. Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. luyongyue@scau.edu.cn. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. lumin@ioz.ac.cn. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China. chenli@ioz.ac.cn. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. hywei@jxau.edu.cn" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules23071661 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "2-Ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine (EDMP) was an alarm pheromone component isolated from the mandibular gland of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Several pyrazine analogues have been previously found to elicit significant alarm responses in S. invicta workers. This study aimed to separate the commercially available 2-ethyl-5(6)-methylpyrazine (EMP), i.e., a mixture of 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine (2E6MP) and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine (2E5MP), and to examine both electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of S. invicta workers to EMP and the purified isomers. HPLC separations were achieved using a polysaccharide chiral stationary phase (Chiralpak AD-H) column with both mobile phases: Cyclohexane/isopropanol, and hexane/isopropanol. A ratio of 99:1 was selected for the separation of EMP at semipreparative level. The structures of the isomers obtained through the cyclohexane/isopropanol mobile phase were confirmed by detailed analyses of 2D-HSQC- and -HMBC-NMR data. The two isomers showed differential methine C(-)H correlations evidenced by 2D-HMBC-NMR spectra. The two concentrated fractions obtained through hexane/isopropanol mobile phase were subjected to EAG test and behavioral bioassay on S. invicta workers. The two HPLC-purified isomers, 2E6MP and 2E5MP, and their mixture (1:1) at same dose elicited similar EAG and alarm responses, indicating that these two isomers are equally active. The 2D-NMR-spectroscopic characterization, and electrophysiological and alarm activities of 2E6MP and 2E5MP were reported here for the first time" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Ants/chemistry/*physiology Arthropod Antennae/physiology Behavior, Animal/drug effects Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Isomerism Molecular Structure Pheromones/*chemistry Pyrazines/*chemistry 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineLi, Ya-Ya Lu, Yong-Yue Lu, Min Wei, Hong-Yi Chen, Li eng Switzerland 2018/07/11 Molecules. 2018 Jul 7; 23(7):1661. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071661" |
