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« Previous SpeciesBactrocera caledoniensis    Next SpeciesBactrocera carbonaria »

Semiochemicals of Bactrocera carambolae, the Carambola fruit fly

Phylum:  Arthropoda
Subphylum:  Uniramia
Class:  Insecta
Order:  Diptera
Family:  Tephritidae
Subfamily:  Dacinae
Genus:  Bactrocera
Tribe:  Dacini
Author:  Drew & Hancock
¦
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Biology: Google
Distribution: Google
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Bedoukain RussellIPM


Semiochemical(s):

  Setiawan Y  2024a  J. Agric. Res.  9: 55   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Malang District, East Java, Indonesia 
 
  Octavia E  2021  Res. J. Life Sci.  8: 173   
    cuelure    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Bogor & Depok Districts, West Java, Indonesia 
 
  Hudiwaku S  2021  Biodiversitas  22: 4608   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Lombok Island, Indonesia 
 
  Saputra HM  2021  J. Trop. Plant. Pests Dis.  21: 72   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 
 
  Katte T  2020  Appl. Entomol. Zool.  55: 55   
    anisylacetone    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Japan 
    raspberry ketone    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    4-4-methoxyphenyl-butan-2-ol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    rhododendrol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    zingerone    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    zingerol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 
  Doorenweerd C  2020  ZooKeys  973: 103   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Sunda, Sulawesi, Indonesia 
 
  Leblanc L  2019a  ZooKeys  876: 87   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Barishal, Chattogram & Sylhet Districts, Bangladesh 
 
  Hiap WW  2019  Chemoecology  29: 25   
    E-coniferyl alcohol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
M
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Malaysia 
 
  Leblanc L  2018b  ZooKeys  797: 87   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
B?ch Mã & Cát Tiên National Parks, Vietnam 
    zingerone    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 
  Kenzou L  2018  Austral Entomol.  57: 40   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Raja Ampat & Sorong Regencies, West Papua, Indonesia 
 
  Leblanc L  2016  Landsc. Ecol.  31: 505   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Koh Kong Province, Cambodia 
 
  Drew RAI  2016  CABI: Oxfordshire, UK  :  
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
South-East Asia 
 
  Wee SL  2005  Appl. Entomol. Zool.  40: 365   
    6-oxo-9OH    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
M
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
    3me-butylacetamide    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦    
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 
  Clarke AR  2005  Annu. Rev. Entomol.  50: 293   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
L
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Brunei 
 
  Iwahashi O  1996  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.  89: 653   
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
L
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Indonesia 
 
  Drew RAI  1994  Bull. Entomol. Res.  84:  
    methyl eugenol    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   A
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
Thailand 
 
  Perkins MV  1990b  J. Chem. Ecol.  16: 2475   
    6-oxo-9OH    ¦Relative ratio of the component¦   ¦(*) indicates that compound is active¦   P
¦Category of the chemical signal
A -   Attractant
Al -   Allomone
K -   Kairomone
P -   Pheromone
Sy -   Synomone¦
 
M
¦Source of the chemical signal
F -   Female
H -   Host (could be of plant or animal origin)
L -   Lure
M -   Male
M&F -   Male and Female
S -   Solider
Q -   Queen
W -   Worker¦
 
¦Amount
pg -   Picogram
ng -   Nanogram
µg -   Microgram
mg -   Milligram
g -   Gram¦
 
 
 

Reference(s):

Setiawan, Y., Hauroinsiyah, F., Hamdoen, F.M., Devi, M.P., and Tarno, H. 2024a. Diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) attracted by methyl eugenol in carambola and papaya orchads in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. J. Agric. Res. 9:55-60.
 
Hudiwaku, S., Himawan, T., and Rizali, A. 2021. Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 22:4608-4616.
 
Octavia, E., Tarno, H., Himawan, T., and Setiawan, Y. 2021. Abundance and diversity of fruit flies species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Bogor and Depok District. Res. J. Life Sci. 8:173-180.
 
Saputra, H.M., and Afriyansyah, B. 2021. Distribution and identification of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) attracted on methyl euganol and cue lure in central Bangka regency, Bangka Belitung. J. Trop. Plant. Pests Dis. 21:72-81.
 
Doorenweerd, C., Ekayanti, A., and Rubinoff, D. 2020. The Dacini fruit fly fauna of Sulawesi fits Lydekker’s line but also supports Wallacea as a biogeographic region (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys. 973:103-122.
 
Katte, T., Tan, K.-H., Su, Z.-H., Ono, H., and Nishida, R. 2020. Floral fragrances in two closely related fruit fly orchids, Bulbophyllum hortorum and B. macranthoides (Orchidaceae): assortments of phenylbutanoids to attract tephritid fruit fly males. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 55:55-64.
 
Leblanc, L., Hossain, M.A., Doorenweerd, C., Khan, S.A., Momen, M., San Jose, M., and Rubinoff, D. 2019a. Six years of fruit fy surveys in Bangladesh: a new species, 33 new country records and discovery of the highly invasive Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys. 876:87-109.
 
Hiap, W.-W., Wee, S.-L., Tan, K.-H., and Hee, A.K.-W. 2019. Phenylpropanoid sex pheromone component in hemolymph of male Carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Chemoecology. 29:25-34.
 
Leblanc, L., Doorenweerd, C., San Jose, M., Pham, H.T., and Rubinoff, D. 2018b. Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae). Zookeys. 797:87-115.
 
Kenzou, L., Witjaksono, and Suputa. 2018. Species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sorong and Raja Ampat, West Papua. J Perlindungan Tanaman Indones 22: 193-200.
 
Drew, R.A., and Romig, M.C. 2016. Keys to the tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia: Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI: Oxfordshire, UK. :1-485.
 
Leblanc, L., San Jose, M., Wright, M.G., and Rubinoff, D. 2016. Declines in biodiversity and the abundance of pest species across land use gradients in Southeast Asia. Landsc. Ecol. 31:505-516.
 
Clarke, A.R., Armstrong, K.F., Carmichael, A.E., Milne, J.R., Raghu, S., Roderick, G.K., and Yeates, D.K. 2005. Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: the Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 50:293-319.
 
Wee, S.-L., and Tan, K.-H. 2005. Female sexual response to male rectal volatile constituents in the fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40:365-372.
 
Iwahashi, O., Syamusdin-Subahar, T.S., and Sastrodihardjo, S. 1996. Attractiveness of methyl eugenol to the fruit fly Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Indonesia. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 89:653-660.
 
Drew, R.A.I., and Hancock, D.L. 1994. The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bull. Entol. Res. 84:1-68.
 
Perkins, M.V., Fletcher, M.T., Kitching, W., Drew, R.A.I., and Moore, C.J. 1990b. Chemical studies of rectal gland secretions of some species of Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 16:2475-2487.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2026. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
Ⓒ 2003-2026 The Pherobase - Extensive Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. Ashraf M. El-Sayed.
Page created on 28-March-2026