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« Previous SpeciesAchillea millefolium ssp. millefolium    Next SpeciesAchillea serbica »

Plant Compounds of Achillea millefolium , the Common yarrow

Kingdom:  Plantae
Class:  Magnoliopsida
Order:  Asterales
Family:  Asteraceae
Genus:  Achillea
Author:  Linnaeus
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Bedoukain RussellIPM

Compounds:

Falk  1974 
 
        alloocimene  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�     oil 
        alpha-copaene  0.59 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  9.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  1.31 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.48 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  7.13 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  2.55 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  2.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  6.02 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  17.79 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cuminaldehyde  0.11 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.08 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  9.59 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  3.71 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        iso-artemisia ketone  8.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  1.71 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.22 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  3.69 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  12.35 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  4.31 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        tricyclene  0.27 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Hachey  1990 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�   Quebec, Canada  oil 
        alpha-pinene  1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  0.85 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  1.55 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujone  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  7.35 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-thujone  13.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  3.45 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  0.85 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  1.95 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  10.85 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.45 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  12.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  2.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  1.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  5.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  7.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  5.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Belanger  1993 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.65 �Relative ratio of the component�   Canada  oil 
        alpha-phellandrene  5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujone  8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-thujone  10 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  1.35 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  20 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  1.55 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  1.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Pino  1998 
 
        17-2Kt  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�   G�ira de Melena, Cuba  leaf 
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-cubebene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-bourbonene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  5.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-ionone  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  9.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  1.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cadinol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  1.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  20 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ethyl heptanoate  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ethyl hexanoate  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ethyl nonanoate  2.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ethyl octanoate  1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  5.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        humulene epoxide II  3.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        isoeugenol acetate  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        isomenthol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        isomenthone  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        methyl palmitate  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        methyl stearate  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        palmitic acid  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        pulegone  2.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  5.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  2.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        thymol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        viridiflorene  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Orav  2001 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�   Tallinn, Estonia  flower 
        alpha-cadinol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-copaene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-muurolene  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  5.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  8.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  33 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllenol II  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  16 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinol  0.55 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  7.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-cadinene  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-muurolene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  3.75 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ledol  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenal  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenol  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  2.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.35 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-nerolidol  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        tricyclene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        viridiflorol  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z,Z-farnesol  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Orav  2001 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�   Tallinn, Estonia  leaf 
        alpha-cadinol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.35 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-copaene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-muurolene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  6.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  2.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  33.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.75 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  1.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  3.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllenol II  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  3.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  8.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-cadinene  0.35 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ledol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  3.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenal  0.85 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenol  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  1.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  1.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-nerolidol  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        tricyclene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        viridiflorol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z,Z-farnesol  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Orav  2001 
 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.35 �Relative ratio of the component�   Tallinn, Estonia  stem 
        alpha-cadinol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-copaene  0.36 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-muurolene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  5.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.65 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  32 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  1.04 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  1.45 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  2.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllenol II  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  3.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-cadinene  0.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  0.45 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ledol  0.25 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  4.75 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenal  1.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenol  0.95 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  1.15 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-nerolidol  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        tricyclene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        viridiflorol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z,Z-farnesol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Figueiredo  1992 
 
        2-p-tolylpropene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�   Lisbon, Portugal  flower 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  1.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-elemene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  1.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bicyclogermacrene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  2.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  3.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        carvone  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-chrysanthenyl acetate  2.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cuminaldehyde  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  28.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eugenol  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  3.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenal  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenol  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        neryl acetate  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymen-7-ol  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  2.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        pinocarvone  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  15.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  3.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-2-menthenol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-pinocarveol  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  3.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        tricyclene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Chatzopoulou  1992 
 
        4-carene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�   Chalkidiki Peninsula, Greece  oil 
        alpha-bisabolol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-cadinol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-caryophyllene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-copaene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-curcumene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-muurolene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-phellandrene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujone  1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        artemesia triene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        artemisia alcohol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        artemisia ketone  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        ascaridole  47.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-cubebene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-elemene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-thujone  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  8.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        carvacrol  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-chrysanthenol  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-jasmone  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta1-octen-3-ol  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        E-beta-farnesene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  10.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-cadinene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        geranial  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        isoborneol  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        lavandulol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  7.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        t-cadinol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        thujyl isobutyrate  1.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        thymol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-chrysanthenyl acetate  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-nerolidol  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        tricyclene  0.01 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        verbenone  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        yomogi alcohol  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Lemberkovics  1988 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  2.5 �Relative ratio of the component�   Hungary  oil 
        alpha-pinene  4.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  11.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  20.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllenol I  2.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  12.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        citronellol  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-cadinene  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-muurolene  7.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        lavandulyl acetate  4.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  1.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool acetate  1.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Shawl  2002 
 
        15Acid  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�   Kashmir, India  oil 
        16Ald  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        16Hy  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        17-2Kt  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        17Hy  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        18Hy  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        19Hy  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        6-epi-a-bisabolol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-bergamotene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-bisabolol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-cadinene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-cadinol  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-calacorene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-copaene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-cubebene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-eudesmol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-muurolene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-pinene  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujone  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-bisabolene  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-cubebene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-eudesmol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bicyclogermacrene  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  2.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  1.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  28.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        carvyl acetate  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-beta-ocimene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-carveol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-chrysanthenyl acetate  7.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-jasmone  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-linalool oxide  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-p-2-menthen-1-ol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cuminaldehyde  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinene  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        delta-cadinol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        E,E-farnesol  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        E2-6OH  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  11.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eugenol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        farnesyl acetone  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-muurolene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        geranyl propionate  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene  1.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  11.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        humulene epoxide I  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        humulene epoxide II  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        isoborneol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        isochrysanthenone  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool oxide  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        linalool propionate  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        menthone  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrcene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenal  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        oleic acid  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        phenylmethanol  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        pinocarvone  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        piperitone  1.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        pulegone  4.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        spathulenol  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        t-cadinol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  1.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        thymol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        thymol acetate  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-2-menthenol  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-beta-ocimene  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-carveol  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-nerolidol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        verbenone  0.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z3-6OH  0.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z-alpha-bisabolene  0.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z-beta-farnesene  4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Afsharypuor  1996 
 
        2-pentyl-5-propylresorcinol  1.8 �Relative ratio of the component�   Teheran, Iran  oil 
        4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2,3-diazaphenoxanthiin  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-bisabolol  22.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-patchoulene  2.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-himachalene  1.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  1.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        campherenone  1.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-carveol  5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-nerolidol  5.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-sabinol  2.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        E,E-farnesol  4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        geranyl acetate  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        neryl acetate  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        phenol  3.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        phytone  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        spathulenol  12.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-carveol  3.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        Z-beta-farnesene  2.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Figueiredo  1992 
 
        alpha-phellandrene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�   Lisbon, Portugal  leaf 
        alpha-pinene  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinene  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  1.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpinolene  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-thujene  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-elemene  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bicyclogermacrene  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  4.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        carvone  0.05 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-chrysanthenyl acetate  0.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cis-sabinene hydrate  4.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        cuminaldehyde  1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  24.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        gamma-terpinene  1.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        germacrene D  7.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        limonene  0.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenal  0.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        myrtenol  1.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        p-cymene  2.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        pinocarvone  1.1 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        sabinene  5.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        terpinen-4-ol  5.6 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-2-menthenol  0.7 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-pinocarveol  0.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        trans-sabinene hydrate  10.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Kedzia  1990 
 
        alpha-caryophyllene  1.2 �Relative ratio of the component�   Poland  oil 
        alpha-pinene  0.06 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        alpha-terpineol  1.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-caryophyllene  8.2 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        beta-pinene  3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        borneol  2.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        bornyl acetate  0.9 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphene  1.5 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        camphor  1.3 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        caryophyllene oxide  7.8 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        chamazulene  13 �Relative ratio of the component�      
        eucalyptol  3.4 �Relative ratio of the component�      
 
Reference(s):

Afsharypuor, S., Asgary, S., and Lockwood, G.B. 1996. Volatile constituents of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium from Iran. Flavour Fragr. J. 11(5):265-267.
 
Belanger, A., and Dextraze, L. 1993. Variation intraspecifique de la composition chimique de l'hulle essentielle d'achillee millefeuille. Rivista Ital. EPPOS. 708-712.
 
Chatzopoulou,P., Katsiotis, S.T., and Svendsen, A.B. 1992. An ascaridole containing essential oil of the Achillea millefolium L. complex growing wild in Northern Greece. J. Essent. Oil Res. 4(5):457-459.
 
Falk, A.J., Bauer, L., and Bell, C.L. 1974. The constituents of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium. Llodia. 37:598-602.
 
Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pais, M.S.S., and Scheffer, J.J.C. 1992. Composition of the essential oils from leaves and flowers of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium. Flavour Fragr. J. 7(4):219-222.
 
Hachey, J.M., Collin, G.J., Gagnon, M.J., Simard, S., Dufour, S., Jean, F.J., Vernin, G., and Fraisse, D. 1990. Extraction and GC/MS analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. complex (Compositae). J. Ess. Oil Res. 2(6):317-326.
 
Kedzia, B., Krzyzaniak, M., Holderna, E. 1990. Effect of yarrow essential oil and its components on pathogenic microorganisms. Herba Pol. 36:117-125.
 
Lemberkovics. E., Petri, G., and Tamas, J. 1988. Gas chromatographic determination of mono-and sesquiterpenes in some commercial Hungarian essential oils. In: Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective, eds. Lawrence, B.M., Mookherjee, B.D., and Willis, B.J. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherland. 243-247.
 
Orav, A., Kailas, T., and Ivask, K. 2001. Composition of the essential oil from Achillea millefolium L. from Estonia. J. Essent. Oil Res. 13(4):290-294.
 
Pino, J.A., Rosado, A., and Fuentes, V. 1998. Chemical composition of the leaf oil of Achillea millefolium L. grown in Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res. 10(4):427-428.
 
Shawl, A.S., Srivastava, S.K., Syamasundar, K.V., Tripathi, S., and Raina, V.K. 2002. Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. growing wild in Kashmir, India. Flavour Fragr. J. 17(3):165-168.
 
 
Citation: El-Sayed AM 2025. The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals. <http://www.pherobase.com>.
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