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Oecologia

Title:		Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch
Author(s):		Ammunet T; Klemola N; Heisswolf A; Klemola T;
Address:		"Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland. tea.ammunet@utu.fi"
Journal Title:		Oecologia
Year:		2009
Volume:		20081210
Issue:		3
Page Number:		539 - 547
DOI:		10.1007/s00442-008-1240-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1432-1939 (Electronic) 0029-8549 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Plants respond to grazing by herbivorous insects by emitting a range of volatile organic compounds, which attract parasitoids to their insect hosts. However, a positive outcome for the host plant is a necessary precondition for making the attraction beneficial or even adaptive. Parasitoids benefit plants by killing herbivorous insects, thus reducing future herbivore pressure, but also by curtailing the feeding intensity of the still living, parasitised host. In this study, the effect of parasitism on food consumption of the 5th instar larvae of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) was examined under laboratory conditions. Daily food consumption, as well as the duration of the 5th instar, was measured for both parasitised and non-parasitised larvae. The results showed that parasitism by the solitary endoparasitoid Zele deceptor not only reduced leaf consumption significantly but also hastened the onset of pupation in autumnal moth larvae. On the basis of the results, an empirical model was derived to assess the affects on the scale of the whole tree. The model suggests that parasitoids might protect the tree from total defoliation at least at intermediate larval densities. Consequently, a potential for plant-parasitoid chemical signalling appears to exist, which seems to benefit the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) by reducing the overall intensity of herbivore defoliation due to parasitism by this hymenopteran parasitoid"
Keywords:		Animals *Betula *Feeding Behavior Hymenoptera/*physiology Larva/*parasitology Moths/growth & development/*physiology Plant Leaves;
Notes:		"MedlineAmmunet, Tea Klemola, Netta Heisswolf, Annette Klemola, Tero eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany 2008/12/11 Oecologia. 2009 Mar; 159(3):539-47. doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-1240-6. Epub 2008 Dec 10"