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Pest Manag Sci

Title:		Repellence or attraction: secondary metabolites in pepper mediate attraction and defense against Spodoptera litura
Author(s):		Yuan GG; Zhao LC; Du YW; Yu H; Shi XB; Chen WC; Chen G;
Address:		"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China. College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China. Economic Crops Extension department, Tanghe County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Nanyang, P. R. China. Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, P. R. China. Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, P. R. China"
Journal Title:		Pest Manag Sci
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220818
Issue:		11
Page Number:		4859 - 4870
DOI:		10.1002/ps.7107
ISSN/ISBN:		1526-4998 (Electronic) 1526-498X (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: Resistance to insect pests is an important self-defense characteristic of pepper plants. However, the resistance of different pepper cultivars to Spodoptera litura larvae, one of the main insect pest species on pepper, is not well understood. RESULTS: Among seven pepper cultivars evaluated, cayenne pepper 'FXBX' showed the highest repellency to third instar S. litura larvae, Chao tian chili pepper 'BLTY2' showed the lowest repellency. Plant volatiles (1-hexene, hexanal, beta-ionone, (E,E)-2,6-nonadienal, and methyl salicylate) affected host selection by S. litura. Among these, 1-hexene, hexanal, and beta-ionone at concentrations naturally-released by pepper leaves were found to repel S. litura. Interestingly, S. litura larvae fed on the larva-attracting pepper cultivar, (BLTY2) had an extended developmental period, which was about 13 days longer than larvae fed on FXBX. Besides, the survival rate of larvae fed on BLTY2 was 22.5 +/- 0.0%, indicating that the leaves of BLTY2 can kill S. litura larvae. Correlation analysis showed that larval survival rate, emergence rate, female adult longevity, and pupal weight were positively correlated with the vitamin C, amino acids, protein, cellulose, and soluble sugar contents, but were negatively correlated with wax and flavonoids contents. CONCLUSION: We identified two different modes of direct defense exhibited by pepper cultivars against S. litura. One involves the release of repellent volatiles to avoid been fed on (FXBX cultivar). The other involves the inhibition of the growth and development or the direct killing of S. litura larvae which feeds on it (BLTY2 cultivar). (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry"
Keywords:		Aldehydes Alkenes Amino Acids Animals Ascorbic Acid Cellulose *Flavonoids Larva Norisoprenoids Spodoptera *Sugars Spodoptera litura direct defense organic volatile compound pepper secondary metabolite;
Notes:		"MedlineYuan, Ge-Ge Zhao, Lin-Chao Du, Yuan-Wen Yu, Huan Shi, Xiao-Bin Chen, Wen-Chao Chen, Gong eng This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172408, 31801799), the Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation (2019JJ50274), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (18B123)./ 18B123/Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department/ 2019JJ50274/Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation/ 31801799/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ 32172408/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ England 2022/10/02 Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Nov; 78(11):4859-4870. doi: 10.1002/ps.7107. Epub 2022 Aug 18"