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Pest Manag Sci

Title:		"Two compounds in bed bug feces are sufficient to elicit off-host aggregation by bed bugs, Cimex lectularius"
Author(s):		Olson JF; Vers LM; Moon RD; Kells SA;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA. Nalco: An Ecolab Company, Naperville, IL, USA"
Journal Title:		Pest Manag Sci
Year:		2017
Volume:		20160510
Issue:		1
Page Number:		198 - 205
DOI:		10.1002/ps.4286
ISSN/ISBN:		1526-4998 (Electronic) 1526-498X (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: After feeding, bed bugs aggregate in cracks and crevices near a host. Aggregation and arrestment are mediated by tactile and chemical stimuli associated with the bugs' feces and exuviae. Volatiles derived from fecally stained filter papers were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and evaluated using a multichoice behavioral assay to determine their impact on bed bug aggregation. In addition, crude fecal extracts were collected in methanol, analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluated in open-air multichoice behavioral assays. RESULTS: The SPME method was used to detect (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal in heated bed bug feces. The presence of these two volatile components did not affect aggregation. Analysis of the crude fecal extracts revealed several semi-volatile nitrogenous compounds, a carboxylic acid and a sulfur-based compound. Adult antennae responded to compounds eluted from three regions of the crude extract using GC-EAD. A combination of two compounds, dimethyl trisulfide and methyldiethanolamine, resulted in aggregation responses equivalent to the original crude extract. CONCLUSION: Bed bug aggregation is mediated by semi-volatile compounds derived from fecal extracts, and two compounds are sufficient to elicit aggregation. The two compounds identified here could be used to enhance the effectiveness of insecticidal applications or improve monitoring techniques. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry"
Keywords:		"Aldehydes/pharmacology Animals Bedbugs/*chemistry/drug effects/physiology Behavior, Animal/*drug effects Feces/*chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Pest Control, Biological/methods Pheromones/analysis/pharmacology Solid Phase Microextraction Ci;"
Notes:		"MedlineOlson, Joelle F Vers, Leonard M Ver Moon, Roger D Kells, Stephen A eng England 2016/04/10 Pest Manag Sci. 2017 Jan; 73(1):198-205. doi: 10.1002/ps.4286. Epub 2016 May 10"