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Chemosphere

Title:		"Sources of volatile organic compounds in suburban homes in Shanghai, China, and the impact of air filtration on compound concentrations"
Author(s):		Norris C; Fang L; Barkjohn KK; Carlson D; Zhang Y; Mo J; Li Z; Zhang J; Cui X; Schauer JJ; Davis A; Black M; Bergin MH;
Address:		"Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. Electronic address: christina.norris@duke.edu. Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China. Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, 201620, China. Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr., Durham, NC, 27710, USA. University of Wisconsin at Madison, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Chemical Safety, 2211 Newmarket Parkway, Suite 106, Marietta, GA, 30067, USA"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190508
Issue:
Page Number:		256 - 268
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.059
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Air pollution in China is an ongoing concern, with subsets of the population (e.g., asthmatic children) especially susceptible to the associated health effects. In addition, people spend the majority of their time indoors, where pollutant composition may differ from the better characterized ambient environment. Although volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present health risks and have high concentrations indoors, their sources have not been thoroughly quantified in typical homes in suburban China. Similarly lacking is an understanding of how well a purifier with high efficiency particulate air and activated carbon filters can remove VOCs in a real-world setting in China. In this study, we a) quantified total VOCs (TVOC) and 900 + individual VOCs in 20 homes in China, b) identified potential sources of VOCs, and c) evaluated impacts of filtration. We used non-negative matrix factorization, a variable reduction technique, to identify sources. TVOC and individual compounds had higher concentrations indoors than outdoors (mean [range] indoors, filtration with pre-filter only: 302 [56-793] mug m(-3); outdoors, entire study: 92 [26-629] mug m(-3)), indicating prevalent sources indoors. Many compounds detected have not, to our knowledge, been measured in homes in China. Some compounds (e.g., octanal, heptanal, ?8?-cedrene) were specific to the indoor environment, a few were ubiquitous (e.g., acetaldehyde, formaldehyde), and others were detected infrequently. These compounds may originate from consumer products, solvents, vehicle emissions, a hexane source, wooden products, and cooking. Filtration may improve air quality indoors by lowering concentrations of some VOCs, and, specifically, contributions related to solvents and consumer products"
Keywords:		"*Air Filters Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis/statistics & numerical data Aldehydes Asthma China Cooking *Environmental Monitoring Formaldehyde/analysis Humans Vehicle Emissions Volatile Or;"
Notes:		"MedlineNorris, Christina Fang, Lin Barkjohn, Karoline K Carlson, David Zhang, Yinping Mo, Jinhan Li, Zhen Zhang, Junfeng Cui, Xiaoxing Schauer, James J Davis, Aika Black, Marilyn Bergin, Michael H eng England 2019/05/28 Chemosphere. 2019 Sep; 231:256-268. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.059. Epub 2019 May 8"