| Title: | Secondary organic aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of anisole and associated health effects |
| Author(s): | Li C; Misovich MV; Pardo M; Fang Z; Laskin A; Chen J; Rudich Y; |
| Address: | "Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. Electronic address: chunlin.li@weizmann.ac.il. Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. Electronic address: yinon.rudich@weizmann.ac.il" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136421 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Anisole (methoxybenzene) represents an important marker compound of lignin pyrolysis and a starting material for many chemical products. In this study, secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formed by anisole via various atmospheric processes, including homogeneous photooxidation with varying levels of OH* and NO(x) and subsequent heterogeneous NO(3)* dark reactions, were investigated. The yields of anisole SOA, particle-bound organoperoxides, particle-induced oxidative potential (OP), and cytotoxicity were characterized in view of the atmospheric fate of the anisole precursor. Anisole SOA yields ranged between 0.12 and 0.35, depending on the reaction pathways and aging degrees. Chemical analysis of the SOA suggests that cleavage of the benzene ring is the main reaction channel in the photooxidation of anisole to produce low-volatility, highly oxygenated small molecules. Fresh anisole SOA from OH* photooxidation are more light-absorbing and have higher OP and organoperoxide content. The high correlation between SOA OP and organoperoxide content decreases exponentially with the degree of OH* aging. However, the contribution of organoperoxides to OP is minor (<4%), suggesting that other, non-peroxide oxidizers play a central role in anisole SOA OP. The particle-induced OP and particulate organoperoxides yield both reach a maximum value after approximately 2 days' of photooxidation, implicating the potential long impact of anisole during atmospheric transport. NO(x)-involved photooxidation and nighttime NO(3)* reactions facilitate organic nitrate formation and enhance particle light absorption. High NO(x) levels suppress anisole SOA formation and organoperoxides yield in photooxidation, with decreased aerosol OP and cellular oxidative stress. In contrast, nighttime aging significantly increases the SOA toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in lung cells. These dynamic properties and the toxicity of anisole SOA advocate consideration of the complicated and consecutive aging processes in depicting the fate of VOCs and assessing the related effects in the atmosphere" |
| Keywords: | Aerosols/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis Anisoles/analysis/toxicity Benzene/analysis Lignin/analysis *Nitrates/chemistry Oxidation-Reduction Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis Cytotoxicity Methoxybenzene NO(3)* aging Oxidative potential Photochemical oxid; |
| Notes: | "MedlineLi, Chunlin Misovich, Maria V Pardo, Michal Fang, Zheng Laskin, Alexander Chen, Jianmin Rudich, Yinon eng England 2022/09/16 Chemosphere. 2022 Dec; 308(Pt 2):136421. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136421. Epub 2022 Sep 12" |
