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Metabolites

Title:		Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites Selectively Increase the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Olive Trees
Author(s):		Dini I; Marra R; Cavallo P; Pironti A; Sepe I; Troisi J; Scala G; Lombari P; Vinale F;
Address:		"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80141 Naples, Italy. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy. Department of Physics 'E.R. Caianiello', University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy. Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy. Diagnostica Cavallo S.r.l.-Centro di Ricerca Albo MIUR, 84123 Salerno, Italy. Department of Chemistry and Biology 'A. Zambelli', University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy. Theoreo S.r.l., Montecorvino Pugliano, 84090 Salerno, Italy. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy"
Journal Title:		Metabolites
Year:		2021
Volume:		20210331
Issue:		4
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/metabo11040213
ISSN/ISBN:		2218-1989 (Print) 2218-1989 (Electronic) 2218-1989 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that induce metabolomic, transcriptomic, and behavioral reactions in receiver organisms, including insect pollinators and herbivores. VOCs' composition and concentration may influence plant-insect or plant-plant interactions and affect soil microbes that may interfere in plant-plant communication. Many Trichoderma fungi act as biocontrol agents of phytopathogens and plant growth promoters. Moreover, they can stimulate plant defense mechanisms against insect pests. This study evaluated VOCs' emission by olive trees (Olea europaea L.) when selected Trichoderma fungi or metabolites were used as soil treatments. Trichoderma harzianum strains M10, T22, and TH1, T. asperellum strain KV906, T. virens strain GV41, and their secondary metabolites harzianic acid (HA), and 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6PP) were applied to olive trees. Charcoal cartridges were employed to adsorb olive VOCs, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis allowed their identification and quantification. A total of 45 volatile compounds were detected, and among these, twenty-five represented environmental pollutants and nineteen compounds were related to olive plant emission. Trichoderma strains and metabolites differentially enhanced VOCs production, affecting three biosynthetic pathways: methylerythritol 1-phosphate (MEP), lipid-signaling, and shikimate pathways. Multivariate analysis models showed a characteristic fingerprint of each plant-fungus/metabolite relationship, reflecting a different emission of VOCs by the treated plants. Specifically, strain M10 and the metabolites 6PP and HA enhanced the monoterpene syntheses by controlling the MEP pathway. Strains GV41, KV906, and the metabolite HA stimulated the hydrocarbon aldehyde formation (nonanal) by regulating the lipid-signaling pathway. Finally, Trichoderma strains GV41, M10, T22, TH1, and the metabolites HA and 6PP improve aromatic syntheses at different steps of the shikimate pathway"
Keywords:		6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone GC-MS analysis Olea europaea Radiello(R) Trichoderma biocontrol agents harzianic acid plant metabolic pathways secondary metabolites volatile organic compounds;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEDini, Irene Marra, Roberta Cavallo, Pierpaolo Pironti, Angela Sepe, Immacolata Troisi, Jacopo Scala, Giovanni Lombari, Pasquale Vinale, Francesco eng Linfa 03PE_00026_1/Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca/ Marea 03PE_00106/Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca/ Bioagro CUP B63D18000270007/Regione Campania/ Protection F/050421/01-03/X32/Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico/ DIONISO B98H19005010009/Regione Campania/ DIVINE 3589659/Regione del Veneto/ Switzerland 2021/04/04 Metabolites. 2021 Mar 31; 11(4):213. doi: 10.3390/metabo11040213"