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J Breath Res

Title:		Lack of heritability of exhaled volatile compound pattern: an electronic nose twin study
Author(s):		Tarnoki DL; Bikov A; Tarnoki AD; Lazar Z; Szilagyi BK; Korosi BZ; Horvath T; Littvay L; Losonczy G; Horvath I;
Address:		"Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, 78/A Ulloi street, Budapest 1082, Hungary"
Journal Title:		J Breath Res
Year:		2014
Volume:		20140113
Issue:		1
Page Number:		16001 -
DOI:		10.1088/1752-7155/8/1/016001
ISSN/ISBN:		1752-7163 (Electronic) 1752-7155 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Electronic noses can distinguish various disorders by analyzing exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) pattern; however it is unclear how hereditary and environmental backgrounds affect the exhaled VOC pattern. A twin study enrolling monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins is an ideal tool to separate the influence of these factors on the exhaled breath pattern. Exhaled breath samples were collected in duplicates from 28 never smoking twin pairs (in total 112 samples) without lung diseases and processed with an electronic nose (Cyranose 320). Univariate quantitative hereditary modeling (ACE analysis) adjusted for age and gender was performed to decompose the phenotypic variance of the exhaled volatile compound pattern (assessing principal components (PCs) derived from electronic nose data) into hereditary (A), shared (C), and unshared (E) environmental effects. Exhaled VOC pattern showed good intra-subject reproducibility as assessed with the Bland-Altman plot. Significant correlations were found between exhaled VOC patterns of both MZ and DZ twins. The hereditary background did not influence the VOC pattern. The shared environmental effect on PC 1, 2 and 3 was estimated to be 93%, 94% and 54%, respectively. The unshared (unique) environmental influence explained a smaller variance (7%, 6% and 46%). For the first time using the twin design, we have shown that the environmental background largely affects the exhaled volatile compound pattern in never smoking volunteers without respiratory disorders. Further studies should identify these environmental factors and also assess their influence on exhaled breath patterns in patients with lung diseases"
Keywords:		"Adult Breath Tests *Electronic Nose Environment *Exhalation Female Humans Inheritance Patterns/*genetics Male Middle Aged Principal Component Analysis Reproducibility of Results Twins, Dizygotic/genetics Twins, Monozygotic/genetics Volatile Organic Compou;"
Notes:		"MedlineTarnoki, David Laszlo Bikov, Andras Tarnoki, Adam Domonkos Lazar, Zsofia Szilagyi, Blanka Krisztina Korosi, Beata Zita Horvath, Tamas Littvay, Levente Losonczy, Gyorgy Horvath, Ildiko eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Twin Study England 2014/01/15 J Breath Res. 2014 Mar; 8(1):016001. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/1/016001. Epub 2014 Jan 13"