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Chem Biodivers

Title:		(1) H-NMR Metabolomics Profiling and Volatile Content of 'Hoja Santa' (Piper auritum Kunth): A Millenary Edible Plant Consumed in Mexico
Author(s):		Pacheco-Hernandez Y; Villa-Ruano N; Cruz-Duran R; Becerra-Martinez E; Lozoya-Gloria E;
Address:		"Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-Leon, 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. CONACyT-Centro Universitario de Vinculacion y Transferencia de Tecnologia, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Prolongacion de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Mexico. Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Del. Coyoacan, Mexico, D. F., Mexico. Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologias, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, 07738, Mexico"
Journal Title:		Chem Biodivers
Year:		2022
Volume:		20221203
Issue:		12
Page Number:		e202200667 -
DOI:		10.1002/cbdv.202200667
ISSN/ISBN:		1612-1880 (Electronic) 1612-1872 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The leaves of Piper auritum Kunth ('Hoja Santa') have been consumed for centuries by native people of central and southern Mexico as a fresh vegetable or condiment. Herein we present the result of the (1) H-NMR metabolomics profiling of three accessions of P. auritum harvested in three different provinces of Mexico (Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca). The volatile content associated with the flavoring properties of the plant was also determined by GC/MS. The non-targeted metabolome of these samples revealed that P. auritum is a source of free essential amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine, threonine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan as well as organic acids, free monosaccharides, and valuable nutraceuticals such as trigonelline, Myo-inositol, betaine, and choline. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminated analysis of the metabolites found in P. auritum revealed trigonelline as the main differential compound found in the three studied accessions, suggesting this metabolite as a possible chemical marker. According to these statistical approaches, 60 % of the differential metabolites were provided by Oaxaca samples, suggesting that leaves harvested in this province have better (p<0.05) nutritional properties than the other samples analyzed. Nevertheless, the high abundance of the anti-nutrient safrole (90 %) in the volatile fraction, advises the potential toxicity of P. auritum consumed in Oaxaca. On the other hand, samples harvested in the northern highlands of Puebla, contained the lowest levels of safrole (30 %) and acceptable levels of nutrients and nutraceuticals including choline. From the three groups of studied plants, those harvested in the northern highlands from Puebla, could be considered safer for human consumption than the other analyzed accessions"
Keywords:		"Humans *Piper/chemistry Mexico Plants, Edible Safrole Metabolomics Nmr metabolomics profile quelites volatile content;"
Notes:		"MedlinePacheco-Hernandez, Yesenia Villa-Ruano, Nemesio Cruz-Duran, Ramiro Becerra-Martinez, Elvia Lozoya-Gloria, Edmundo eng 2150002/CONACyT - Mexico/ 578/CU/CSP VA/ 20221626/Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado del Instituto Politecnico Nacional/ Switzerland 2022/11/24 Chem Biodivers. 2022 Dec; 19(12):e202200667. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202200667. Epub 2022 Dec 3"