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Anal Chem

Title:		Monitoring of selected skin-borne volatile markers of entrapped humans by selective reagent ionization time of flight mass spectrometry in NO+ mode
Author(s):		Mochalski P; Unterkofler K; Hinterhuber H; Amann A;
Address:		"Breath Research Institute, University of Innsbruck , Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria"
Journal Title:		Anal Chem
Year:		2014
Volume:		20140324
Issue:		8
Page Number:		3915 - 3923
DOI:		10.1021/ac404242q
ISSN/ISBN:		1520-6882 (Electronic) 0003-2700 (Print) 0003-2700 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Selective reagent ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with NO(+) as the reagent ion (SRI-TOF-MS (NO(+))) was applied for near real-time monitoring of selected skin-borne constituents which are potential markers of human presence. The experimental protocol involved a group of 10 healthy volunteers enclosed in a body plethysmography chamber mimicking the entrapment environment. A total of 12 preselected omnipresent in human scent volatiles were quantitatively monitored. Among them there were six aldehydes (n-propanal, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, n-octanal, n-nonanal, and 2 methyl 2-propenal), four ketones (acetone, 2-butanone, 3-buten-2-one, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one), one hydrocarbon (2-methyl 2-pentene), and one terpene (DL-limonene). The observed median emission rates ranged from 0.28 to 44.8 nmol x person(-1) x min(-1) (16-1530 fmol x cm(-2) x min(-1)). Within the compounds under study, ketones in general and acetone in particular exhibited the highest abundances. The findings of this study provide invaluable information about formation and evolution of a human-specific chemical fingerprint, which could be used for the early location of entrapped victims during urban search and rescue operations (USaR)"
Keywords:		Adult Aldehydes/analysis Biomarkers/*analysis Female Humans Indicators and Reagents Ketones/analysis Male Mass Spectrometry Middle Aged Nitric Oxide/chemistry Plethysmography Rescue Work Skin/*chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Young Adult;
Notes:		"MedlineMochalski, Pawel Unterkofler, Karl Hinterhuber, Hartmann Amann, Anton eng P 24736/FWF_/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2014/03/13 Anal Chem. 2014 Apr 15; 86(8):3915-23. doi: 10.1021/ac404242q. Epub 2014 Mar 24"