| Title: | "Emission factors for gas-powered vehicles traveling through road tunnels in Sao Paulo, Brazil" |
| Author(s): | Martins LD; Andrade MF; Freitas ED; Pretto A; Gatti LV; Albuquerque EL; Tomaz E; Guardani ML; Martins MH; Junior OM; |
| Address: | "Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil. leiladro@model.iag.usp.br" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0013-936X (Print) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The objective of this study was to improve the vehicular emissions inventory for the light- and heavy-duty fleet in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (MASP), Brazil. To that end, we measured vehicle emissions in road tunnels located in the MASP. On March 22-26, 2004 and May 04-07, 2004, respectively, CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions were measured in two tunnels: the Janio Quadros, which carries light-dutyvehicles; and the Maria Maluf, which carries light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Pollutant concentrations were measured inside the tunnels, and background pollutant concentrations were measured outside of the tunnels. The mean CO and NOx emission factors (in g km(-1)) were, respectively, 14.6 +/- 2.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.3 for light-duty vehicles, compared with 20.6 +/- 4.7 and 22.3 +/- 9.8 for heavy-duty vehicles. The total VOCs emission factor for the Maria Maluf tunnel was 1.4 +/- 1.3 g km(-1). The main VOCs classes identified were aromatic, alkane, and aldehyde compounds. For the heavy-duty fleet, NOx emission factors were approximately 14 times higher than those found for the light-duty fleet. This was attributed to the high levels of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles" |
| Keywords: | Air Movements Air Pollutants/*analysis/chemistry Air Pollution/*analysis Brazil Carbon Monoxide/analysis Environmental Monitoring/*methods Fossil Fuels/*analysis Motor Vehicles Nitric Oxide Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis Transportation Vehicle; |
| Notes: | "MedlineMartins, Leila D Andrade, Maria F Freitas, Edmilson D Pretto, Angelica Gatti, Luciana V Albuquerque, Edler L Tomaz, Edson Guardani, Maria L Martins, Maria H R B Junior, Olimpio M A eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2006/12/06 Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Nov 1; 40(21):6722-9. doi: 10.1021/es052441u" |
