| Title: | A cluster of children with seizures caused by camphor poisoning |
| Author(s): | Khine H; Weiss D; Graber N; Hoffman RS; Esteban-Cruciani N; Avner JR; |
| Address: | "Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. hkhine@montefiore.org" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1098-4275 (Electronic) 0031-4005 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Isolated cases of camphor-induced seizures have been reported in young children after gastrointestinal, dermal, and inhalation exposure. In 1982, after a series of unintentional ingestions of camphor products, the US Food and Drug Administration restricted the camphor content to <11% in some products intended for medicinal use. Camphor products intended for use as pesticides must be registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency. Still, many imported camphor-containing products fail to meet Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency requirements for labeling and content. OBJECTIVE: To describe a cluster of cases of camphor-associated seizure activity resulting from the availability of imported camphor products in certain ethnic populations that use it as a natural remedy. METHODS: We present 3 cases of seizures associated with imported, illegally sold camphor in young children who presented to a large, urban children's hospital in Bronx, New York, during a 2-week period. RESULTS: The children's ages ranged from 15 to 36 months. Two children ingested camphor, and 1 child was exposed through repetitive rubbing of camphor on her skin. All 3 patients required pharmacologic intervention to terminate the seizures. One patient required bag-valve-mask ventilation for transient respiratory depression. All 3 patients had leukocytosis, and 2 patients had hyperglycemia. Exposure occurred as a result of using camphor for spiritual purposes, cold remedy, or pest control. After identification of these cases, the New York City Department of Health released a public health warning to keep camphor products away from children. Similar warnings were issued later by other state health departments. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the toxicity associated with camphor usage in the community and that inappropriate use of illegally sold camphor products is an important public health issue. Camphor may be a common, yet unrecognized, source of seizures in children in certain ethnic populations that use it as a natural remedy. Efforts are needed to educate the communities about the hazards of using camphor products and to limit the illegal availability of these products" |
| Keywords: | "Adolescent Adult Anti-Infective Agents, Local/*poisoning Camphor/*poisoning Child Cluster Analysis Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/chemically induced Female Humans Male New York City/epidemiology Poisoning/epidemiology Recurrence Seizures/*chemically induced/thera;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineKhine, Hnin Weiss, Don Graber, Nathan Hoffman, Robert S Esteban-Cruciani, Nora Avner, Jeffrey R eng Case Reports 2009/05/01 Pediatrics. 2009 May; 123(5):1269-72. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2097" |
