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Chemosphere

Title:		Mobile measurement of vehicle emission factors in a roadway tunnel: A concentration gradient approach
Author(s):		Hwang K; An JG; Loh A; Kim D; Choi N; Song H; Choi W; Yim UH;
Address:		"Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea. Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wschoi@pknu.ac.kr. Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: uhyim@kiost.ac.kr"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230404
Issue:
Page Number:		138611 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138611
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Tunnels are the preferred experimental environments for estimating vehicle emission factors (EFs) under real-world driving conditions. In this study, online measurements of traffic-related air pollutants (including CO(2), NO(X), SO(2), O(3), particulate matter [PM], and volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) were conducted using a mobile laboratory in the Sujungsan Tunnel in Busan, Korea. Mobile measurements generated concentration profiles of the target exhaust emissions inside the tunnel. These data were used to produce a zonation of the tunnel, i.e., mixing and accumulation zones. There were differences between the CO(2), SO(2), and NO(X) profiles, and a starting point that was free from ambient air mixing effects could be set at 600 m from the tunnel entrance. The EFs of vehicle exhaust emissions were calculated using pollutant concentration gradients. The average EFs for CO(2), NO, NO(2), SO(2), PM(10), PM(2.5), and summation operatorVOCs were 149,000, 380, 55, 29.2, 9.64, 4.33, and 16.7 mg km(-1).veh(-1), respectively. Among the VOC groups, alkanes contributed more than 70% of the VOC EF. Mobile measurement-derived EFs were validated using the conventional EFs from stationary measurements. The EF results from the mobile measurements matched those from the stationary measurements, while the absolute concentration differences between them implied complex aerodynamic movements of the target pollutants inside the tunnel. This study demonstrated the usefulness and advantages of applying mobile measurements in a tunnel environment and indicated the potential of the approach for observation-based policymaking"
Keywords:		Vehicle Emissions/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Carbon Dioxide Environmental Monitoring/methods Particulate Matter/analysis *Environmental Pollutants Concentration gradient Mobile measurement Tunnel study Vehicle e;
Notes:		"MedlineHwang, Kyucheol An, Joon Geon Loh, Andrew Kim, Donghwi Choi, Narin Song, Hangyeol Choi, Wonsik Yim, Un Hyuk eng England 2023/04/07 Chemosphere. 2023 Jul; 328:138611. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138611. Epub 2023 Apr 4"