| Title: | "Comprehensive Study of Mediterranean (Croatian) Propolis Peculiarity: Headspace, Volatiles, Anti-Varroa-Treatment Residue, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Properties" |
| Author(s): | Jerkovic I; Marijanovic Z; Kus PM; Tuberoso CI; |
| Address: | "Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, N. Tesle 10/V, HR-21000 Split. Department of Food Technology, Marko Marulic Polytechnic in Knin, Petra Kresimira IV 30, HR-22300 Knin. Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, PL-50-556 Wroclaw. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, IT-09124 Cagliari, (phone: +39-070-6758644; fax: +39-070-6758612). tuberoso@unica.it" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1612-1880 (Electronic) 1612-1872 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Eight propolis samples from Croatia were analyzed in detail, to study the headspace, volatiles, anti-Varroa-treatment residue, phenolics, and antioxidant properties. The samples exhibited high qualitative/quantitative variability of the chemical profiles, total phenolic content (1,589.3-14,398.3 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/l EtOH extract), and antioxidant activity (11.1-133.5 mmol Fe(2+) /l extract and 6.2-65.3 mmol TEAC (Trolox(R) equivalent antioxidant capacity)/l extract). The main phenolics quantified by HPLC-DAD at 280 and 360 nm were vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester. The major compounds identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), and subsequent GC-FID and GC/MS analyses were alpha-eudesmol (up to 19.9%), beta-eudesmol (up to 12.6%), gamma-eudesmol (up to 10.5%), benzyl benzoate (up to 28.5%), and 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol (up to 18.1%). Vanillin was determined as minor constituent by SDE/GC-FID/MS and HPLC-DAD. The identified acaricide residue thymol was ca. three times more abundant by HS-SPME/GC-FID/MS than by SDE/GC-FID/MS and was not detected by HPLC-DAD" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Antioxidants/*chemistry/pharmacology Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Croatia Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Phenols/*chemistry/pharmacology Propolis/*chemistry/pharmacology Solid Phase Microextraction Thymol/chemistry/pharmacology Varro;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineJerkovic, Igor Marijanovic, Zvonimir Kus, Piotr M Tuberoso, Carlo I G eng Switzerland 2016/02/18 Chem Biodivers. 2016 Feb; 13(2):210-8. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201500053" |
