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PLoS One

Title:		Social waves in giant honeybees repel hornets
Author(s):		Kastberger G; Schmelzer E; Kranner I;
Address:		"Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria. gerald.kastberger@uni-graz.at"
Journal Title:		PLoS One
Year:		2008
Volume:		20080910
Issue:		9
Page Number:		e3141 -
DOI:		10.1371/journal.pone.0003141
ISSN/ISBN:		1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Giant honeybees (Apis dorsata) nest in the open and have evolved a plethora of defence behaviors. Against predatory wasps, including hornets, they display highly coordinated Mexican wave-like cascades termed 'shimmering'. Shimmering starts at distinct spots on the nest surface and then spreads across the nest within a split second whereby hundreds of individual bees flip their abdomens upwards. However, so far it is not known whether prey and predator interact and if shimmering has anti-predatory significance. This article reports on the complex spatial and temporal patterns of interaction between Giant honeybee and hornet exemplified in 450 filmed episodes of two A. dorsata colonies and hornets (Vespa sp.). Detailed frame-by-frame analysis showed that shimmering elicits an avoidance response from the hornets showing a strong temporal correlation with the time course of shimmering. In turn, the strength and the rate of the bees' shimmering are modulated by the hornets' flight speed and proximity. The findings suggest that shimmering creates a 'shelter zone' of around 50 cm that prevents predatory wasps from foraging bees directly from the nest surface. Thus shimmering appears to be a key defence strategy that supports the Giant honeybees' open-nesting life-style"
Keywords:		"Animal Communication Animals Bees/*physiology Behavior, Animal Feeding Behavior/physiology Flight, Animal Models, Biological Movement Nesting Behavior/physiology Normal Distribution Pheromones Social Behavior Vision, Ocular Wasps/*physiology;"
Notes:		"MedlineKastberger, Gerald Schmelzer, Evelyn Kranner, Ilse eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2008/09/11 PLoS One. 2008 Sep 10; 3(9):e3141. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003141"