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Sensors (Basel)

Title:		Application of Electronic-Nose Technologies and VOC-Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases (dagger)
Author(s):		Wilson AD;
Address:		"Pathology Department, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. dwilson02@fs.fed.us"
Journal Title:		Sensors (Basel)
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180809
Issue:		8
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/s18082613
ISSN/ISBN:		1424-8220 (Electronic) 1424-8220 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Conventional methods utilized for clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have employed invasive medical procedures that cause stress, anxiety and pain to patients. These methods are often expensive, time-consuming, and require sophisticated chemical-analysis instruments and advanced modeling procedures to achieve diagnostic interpretations. This paper reviews recent applications of simpler, electronic-nose (e-nose) devices for the noninvasive early diagnosis of a wide range of GI diseases by collective analysis of headspace volatile organic compound (VOC)-metabolites from clinical samples to produce disease-specific aroma signatures (VOC profiles). A different 'metabolomics' approach to GI disease diagnostics, involving identifications and quantifications of disease VOC-metabolites, are compared to the electronic-nose approach based on diagnostic costs, accuracy, advantages and disadvantages. The importance of changes in gut microbiome composition that result from disease are discussed relative to effects on disease detection. A new diagnostic approach, which combines the use of e-nose instruments for early rapid prophylactic disease-screenings with targeted identification of known disease biomarkers, is proposed to yield cheaper, quicker and more dependable diagnostic results. Some priority future research needs and coordination for bringing e-nose instruments into routine clinical practice are summarized"
Keywords:		Biomarkers/analysis *Early Diagnosis *Electronic Nose Gastrointestinal Diseases/*diagnosis Humans Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis GI-disease biomarkers bacterial dysbiosis e-nose devices early noninvasive diagnoses electronic aroma detection healthca;
Notes:		"MedlineWilson, Alphus Dan eng Review Switzerland 2018/08/12 Sensors (Basel). 2018 Aug 9; 18(8):2613. doi: 10.3390/s18082613"