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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Development of synthetic food-related attractant for Carpophilus davidsoni and its effectiveness in the stone fruit orchards in southern Australia
Author(s):		Bartelt RJ; Hossain MS;
Address:		"USDA-ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. bartelrj@ncaur.usda.gov"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2006
Volume:		32
Issue:		10
Page Number:		2145 - 2162
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-006-9135-7
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"An effective synthetic attractant, based on host-related volatile compounds, was developed for the nitidulid beetle, Carpophilus davidsoni, as part of a program for managing this pest in Australian peach orchards. Fermenting peach juice and whole peaches and nectarines served as chemical models for the attractant, and synthetic formulations were sought that matched the natural sources, both with respect to emission rates of key chemicals (in ng/min) and attractiveness to flying beetles. All volatile sources were kept in airstreams during laboratory chemical measurements, and these airstreams were subsequently directed to the wind-tunnel behavioral assay, allowing the determined emission rates of compounds to be associated with particular levels of attractiveness. Chemical sampling of airstreams was by solid-phase microextraction, and analysis was by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A volatile delivery system was coupled to the wind tunnel and allowed facile manipulation of natural and synthetic scents. The final blend, modeled after fermenting peach juice, contained ethanol as the main constituent and 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate as minor constituents, all in water solution. Blend components were synergistic, and use of a mixture was essential for optimal attractiveness. The synthetic blend was highly effective in the field and is intended to replace fermenting peach juice and overripe peaches, which were previously used as synergists of the Carpophilus spp. aggregation pheromones in attract-and-kill stations"
Keywords:		"Animals Australia Beverages/analysis Biological Assay Chromatography, Gas Coleoptera/*physiology Fermentation *Food Organic Chemicals/analysis Pest Control, Biological Pheromones/*chemical synthesis Prunus/chemistry/*parasitology Solid Phase Microextracti;"
Notes:		"MedlineBartelt, Robert J Hossain, Mofakhar S eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2006/09/15 J Chem Ecol. 2006 Oct; 32(10):2145-62. doi: 10.1007/s10886-006-9135-7"