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Environ Int

Title:		Predicting the emission characteristics of VOCs in a simulated vehicle cabin environment based on small-scale chamber tests: Parameter determination and validation
Author(s):		Wang H; Zheng J; Yang T; He Z; Zhang P; Liu X; Zhang M; Sun L; Yu X; Zhao J; Liu X; Xu B; Tong L; Xiong J;
Address:		"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. Automotive Data Center, China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300300, China. Beijing Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Beijing 101776, China. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC27711, USA. School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China. Automotive Data Center, China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300300, China. Electronic address: tongliping@catarc.ac.cn. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: xiongjy@bit.edu.cn"
Journal Title:		Environ Int
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200607
Issue:
Page Number:		105817 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.envint.2020.105817
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6750 (Electronic) 0160-4120 (Print) 0160-4120 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicle parts and interior materials can seriously affect in-cabin air quality. Prior studies mainly focused on indoor material emissions, while studies of emissions in-cabins were relatively scarce. The emission behaviors of VOCs from vehicle cabin materials can be characterized by three key emission parameters: the initial emittable concentration (C(0)), diffusion coefficient (D(m)), and partition coefficient (K). Based on a C-history method, we have performed a series of tests with a 30 L small-scale chamber to determine these three key emission parameters for six VOCs, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde, from typical vehicle cabin materials, car roof upholstery, carpet, and seat. We found that acetaldehyde had the highest level in the gas-phase concentration and C(0), which differs from residential indoor environments where formaldehyde is usually the most prevalent pollutant. The influence of temperature on the key emission parameters was also investigated. When the temperature rose from 25 degrees C to 65 degrees C, C(0) increased by 40-640%, D(m) increased by 40-170%, but K decreased by 38-71% for different material-VOC combinations. We then performed an independent validation to demonstrate the accuracy of the measured key emission parameters. Furthermore, considering that in reality, several materials coexist in vehicle cabins, we made a first attempt at applying a multi-source model to predict VOC emission behaviors in a simulated 3 m(3) vehicle cabin, using the key emission parameters obtained from the small-scale chamber tests. The good agreement between the predictions and experiments (R(2) = 0.82-0.99) demonstrated that the three key emission parameters measured via chamber tests can be scaled to estimate emission scenarios in realistic vehicle cabin environments. A pollution contribution analysis for the tested materials indicated that the car seat could significantly contribute to the total emissions"
Keywords:		"*Air Pollution *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis Environmental Monitoring Floors and Floorcoverings Formaldehyde/analysis Temperature *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Cabin air quality Indoor environment Interior emissions Key emission parameters Mass t;"
Notes:		"MedlineWang, Haimei Zheng, Jihu Yang, Tao He, Zhangcan Zhang, Peng Liu, Xuefeng Zhang, Meixia Sun, Lihua Yu, Xuefei Zhao, Jing Liu, Xiaoyu Xu, Baoping Tong, Liping Xiong, Jianyin eng EPA999999/ImEPA/Intramural EPA/ Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2020/06/11 Environ Int. 2020 Sep; 142:105817. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105817. Epub 2020 Jun 7"