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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"The Male Produced Aggregation Pheromone of a Strawberry Sap Beetle, Lobiopa insularis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)"
Author(s):		Moliterno AAC; Martins CBC; Szczerbowski D; Zawadneak MAC; Zarbin PHG;
Address:		"Laboratorio de Semioquimicos, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), PO 19081, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil. Laboratorio de Entomologia, Departamento de Patologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), P.O 19031, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-980, Brazil. Laboratorio de Semioquimicos, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), PO 19081, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil. pzarbin@ufpr.br"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170610
Issue:		6
Page Number:		550 - 556
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-017-0851-y
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The nitidulid beetle Lobiopa insularis is an important pest of strawberry crops in the United States and Brazil. Both larvae and adults feed on ripe strawberries, causing 20-70% loss in production during serious infestations. Aiming at the development of efficient, clean, and highly specific pest management systems, semiochemicals, especially pheromones, are particularly useful. Analyses of the extracts of both males and females obtained from aeration of live beetles showed the presence of three male specific compounds, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-undecanol (in an enantiomeric ratio of S:R = 3.5:1). This is the first record of ketones and an alcohol as pheromone components in Nitidulidae. These compounds were emitted by males in amounts of 0.3:6:1.5 ng per insect within 24 h (1:30:3), respectively, during the scotophase, indicating nocturnal sexual activity. Field tests with pitfall traps containing different mixtures of compounds and ripe strawberries as a co-attractant summed up to five treatments with 25 replications. As a result, 59% males and 41% females (1:0.7) were caught, indicating the L. insularis pheromone to cause aggregation of both sexes. Results of the field tests showed that the attractivity of the binary mixture of ketones (T3) differed from the control (T5), from traps with 2-undecanone alone (T4), and from the mixture of 2-undecanone and racemic 2-undecanol (T2). Moreover, the activity of the ternary mixture of compounds (T1) was not different from that of T3, indicating that the racemic alcohol did not positively influence trap catches. In future applications, a mixture of synthetic strawberry-derived compounds that are attractive to L. insularis may substitute rapidly decaying fruit in the field, maintaining catches for longer periods. Because of its efficiency and low cost, a mixture of 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone is recommended to catch adult L. insularis in the field"
Keywords:		"Animals *Behavior, Animal Coleoptera/*chemistry/*physiology Fatty Alcohols/chemistry Female Fragaria Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Ketones/chemistry Larva/physiology Male Pheromones/*chemistry/physiology Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra;"
Notes:		"MedlineMoliterno, Antonioni A C Martins, Camila B C Szczerbowski, Daiane Zawadneak, Maria Aparecida C Zarbin, Paulo H G eng 2017/06/12 J Chem Ecol. 2017 Jun; 43(6):550-556. doi: 10.1007/s10886-017-0851-y. Epub 2017 Jun 10"