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Chemosphere

Title:		Modeling VOC-odor exposure risk in livestock buildings
Author(s):		Liang HM; Liao CM;
Address:		"Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2007
Volume:		20070214
Issue:		4
Page Number:		781 - 789
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.096
ISSN/ISBN:		0045-6535 (Print) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This paper describes a novel idea of linking models of exposure, internal dosimetry, and health effects. Risk assessment approach that integrates predicted odor caused by volatile organic compounds (VOC-odor) of toluene/xylene concentrations in human tissues leads to predict exposure risks in livestock buildings. First, VOC transport model was developed to calculate airborne toluene/xylene concentrations. Based on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, concentrations within five compartments representing lung, liver, fat, slowly perfused tissues, and rapidly perfused tissues could be quantified. By using a pharmacodynamic (PD) Hill model, we can optimally fit data from rat and human experiments to reconstruct dose-response relationships for accounting human health effects from nose poke and eye irritation. Results demonstrated that peak tissue concentration occurring at 5-10h in that fat contains the highest concentration than other tissues at around 4ppm of toluene and 1.8ppm of xylene. The EC(10) values are 114 and 232ppm, whereas expected risks are estimated to be 0.71% and 0.26% of human exposure to toluene and xylene, respectively. Risk analyses indicate that inhalation exposure in livestock buildings poses no significant threat to human health under the present environmental conditions. This method provides a rigorous and effective approach to relate target tissue concentration to human nose poke or eye irritation. We suggest that our probabilistic framework and methods be taken seriously because they produce general conclusions that are more robust and could offer a risk-management framework for discussion of future establishment of limits for respiratory exposure to VOC-odor"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/pharmacokinetics/toxicity Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects Animals Animals, Domestic Eye/drug effects *Housing, Animal Humans Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects *Models, Biological Nose/drug effects Risk Assessment Toluene/pharmacoki;"
Notes:		"MedlineLiang, Huang-Min Liao, Chung-Min eng England 2007/02/16 Chemosphere. 2007 Jun; 68(4):781-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.096. Epub 2007 Feb 14"