| Title: | Spotlight on the Selected New Antimicrobial Innate Immune Peptides Discovered During 2015-2019 |
| Address: | "Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States" |
| DOI: | 10.2174/1568026620666201022143625 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-4294 (Electronic) 1568-0266 (Print) 1568-0266 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a global issue and new anti-microbials are required. INTRODUCTION: Anti-microbial peptides are important players of host innate immune systems that prevent infections. Due to their ability to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens, AMPs are promising candidates for developing the next generation of anti-microbials. METHODS: The anti-microbial peptide database provides a useful tool for searching, predicting, and designing new AMPs. In the period from 2015-2019, ~500 new natural peptides have been registered. RESULTS: This article highlights a selected set of new AMP members with interesting properties. Teixobactin is a cell wall inhibiting peptide antibiotic, while darobactin inhibits a chaperone and translocator for outer membrane proteins. Remarkably, cOB1, a sex pheromone from commensal enterococci, restricts the growth of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in the gut at a picomolar concentration. A novel proline-rich AMP has been found in the plant Brassica napus. A shrimp peptide MjPen- II comprises three different sequence domains: serine-rich, proline-rich, and cysteine-rich regions. Surprisingly, an amphibian peptide urumin specifically inhibits H1 hemagglutinin-bearing influenza A virus. Defensins are abundant and typically consist of three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds. However, rat rattusin dimerizes via forming five pairs of intermolecular disulfide bonds. While human LL-37 can be induced by vitamin D, vitamin A induces the expression of resistin-like molecule alpha (RELMalpha) in mice. The isolation and characterization of an alternative human cathelicidin peptide, TLN-58, substantiates the concept of one gene multiple peptides. The involvement of a fly AMP nemuri in sleep induction may promote the research on the relationship between sleep and infection control. CONCLUSION: The functional roles of AMPs continue to grow and the general term 'innate immune peptides' becomes useful. These discoveries widen our view on the anti-microbial peptides and may open new opportunities for developing novel peptide therapeutics for different applications" |
| Keywords: | "Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology Bacteria/*drug effects Depsipeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology *Drug Discovery Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects Immunity, Innate/*immunology Microbial Sensitivity Tests Pore Forming;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineDang, Xiangli Wang, Guangshun eng R01 AI105147/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Review United Arab Emirates 2020/10/24 Curr Top Med Chem. 2020; 20(32):2984-2998. doi: 10.2174/1568026620666201022143625" |
