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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		"Mechanism of chromosomal transfer of Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island, capsule, antimicrobial resistance, and other traits"
Author(s):		Manson JM; Hancock LE; Gilmore MS;
Address:		"Department of Ophthalmology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2010
Volume:		20100621
Issue:		27
Page Number:		12269 - 12274
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.1000139107
ISSN/ISBN:		1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Print) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island (PAI) encodes known virulence traits and >100 additional genes with unknown roles in enterococcal biology. Phage-related integration and excision genes, and direct repeats flanking the island, suggest it moves as an integrative conjugative element (ICE). However, transfer was observed not to require these genes. Transfer only occurred from donors possessing a pheromone responsive-type of conjugative plasmid, and was invariably accompanied by transfer of flanking donor chromosome sequences. Deletion of plasmid transfer functions, including the cis-acting origin of transfer (oriT), abolished movement. In addition to demonstrating PAI movement by a mechanism involving plasmid integration, we observed transfer of a selectable marker placed virtually anywhere on the chromosome. Transfer of this selectable marker was observed to be accompanied by chromosome-chromosome transfer of vancomycin resistance, MLST markers, and capsule genes as well. Plasmid mobilization therefore appears to be a major mechanism for horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of antibiotic resistant E. faecalis strains capable of causing human infection"
Keywords:		"Bacterial Capsules/metabolism Bacterial Infections/microbiology Bacteriophages/genetics Chromosomes, Bacterial/*genetics *Conjugation, Genetic DNA, Bacterial/genetics Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics Enterococcus faecalis/*genetics/metabolism/pathogeni;"
Notes:		"MedlineManson, Janet M Hancock, Lynn E Gilmore, Michael S eng R01AI072360/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI072360/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ P01 AI083214/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01 AI077782/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ P01AI083214/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2010/06/23 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 6; 107(27):12269-74. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000139107. Epub 2010 Jun 21"