| Title: | The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment |
| Author(s): | Abtahi M; Fakhri Y; Conti GO; Ferrante M; Taghavi M; Tavakoli J; Heshmati A; Keramati H; Moradi B; Amanidaz N; Khaneghah AM; |
| Address: | "Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehrabtahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ya.fakhri@gmail.com. Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy. olivericonti@unict.it. Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy. marfer@unict.it. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. taghavi66@yahoo.com. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran. ja_tavakoli@yahoo.com. Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. ali_heshmaati@yahoo.com. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Hkramatee@gmail.com. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. b.moradi@gmail.com. Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran. Amanidaz_n@yahoo.com. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. mousavi.amin@srbiau.ac.ir" |
| Journal Title: | Int J Environ Res Public Health |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1660-4601 (Electronic) 1661-7827 (Print) 1660-4601 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "In the current study, the concentration of some pollutants which are categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and o-xylenes (o-X), in the air of Tehran was evaluated by the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Also, the health risk for the exposed population was estimated using the recommended methods by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The rank order based on their concentration in BTEX was benzene (149.18 microg/m(3): 31%) > o-xylene (127.16 microg/m(3): 27%) > ethylbenzene (110.15 microg/m(3): 23%) > toluene (87.97 microg/m(3): 19%). The ratio B/T in this study was calculated as 1.69, repressing that both stationary and mobile sources of emission can be considered as the main sources for benzene and toluene. Moreover, strong photochemical activity in Tehran was demonstrated by the high ratio of E/o-X. Meta-regression indicates that the concentration of BTEX has insignificantly (p-value > 0.05) increased over time. The BTEX compounds based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) were ordered as benzene > o-xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene. Percentile 95% of THQ due to benzene (4.973) and o-xylene (1.272) was higher than a value of 1. Percentile 95% excessive cancer risk (ECR) for benzene (1.25 x 10(6)) and ethylbenzene (1.11 x 10(6)) was higher than a value of 1.00 x 10(6). The health risk assessment indicated that the population of Tehran are at considerable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks" |
| Keywords: | Air Pollutants/*chemistry Benzene/*chemistry Benzene Derivatives/*chemistry Humans Iran Risk Assessment Toluene/*chemistry Xylenes/*chemistry; |
| Notes: | "MedlineAbtahi, Mehrnoosh Fakhri, Yadolah Conti, Gea Oliveri Ferrante, Margherita Taghavi, Mahmoud Tavakoli, Javad Heshmati, Ali Keramati, Hassan Moradi, Bigard Amanidaz, Nazak Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi eng Meta-Analysis Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Systematic Review Switzerland 2018/08/29 Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Aug 24; 15(9):1837. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091837" |
