| Title: | Artiodactyl livestock species have a uniform vomeronasal system with a vomeronasal type 1 receptor (V1R) pathway |
| Author(s): | Kondoh D; Kawai YK; Watanabe K; Muranishi Y; |
| Address: | "Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Electronic address: kondoh-d@obihiro.ac.jp. Laboratory of Toxicology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101863 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1532-3072 (Electronic) 0040-8166 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Artiodactyl livestock animals have a vomeronasal system that detects pheromones. Vomeronasal receptors comprise type 1 (V1R) coupled with G protein alpha-i2 (Galphai2) and type 2 (V2R) coupled with G protein alpha-o (Galphao). Laboratory rodents have two segregated V1R and V2R pathways that reach separately to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). In contrast, the AOBs of goats and sheep are entirely positive for Galphai2, indicating that they have only the V1R pathway. However, we detected a few V2R genes in the genome of cattle, goats, sheep and pigs by genome assembly. Thus, we immunohistochemically analyzed the AOBs of cattle and pigs to confirm which type of the vomeronasal system is present in artiodactyl livestock species. The glomerular layer of the AOB in cattle and pigs was entirely positive for anti-Galphai2 and weakly positive for anti-Galphao, as in the V1R uniform type of vomeronasal system in other mammal species. These findings indicated that artiodactyl livestock species have a uniform type of vomeronasal system composing the V1R pathway. Therefore, caution is advised when extrapolating knowledge of laboratory rodents with two vomeronasal pathways to livestock animals that have one" |
| Keywords: | Animals Cattle GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism Goats/metabolism Livestock/metabolism Olfactory Bulb/metabolism Sheep Swine *Vomeronasal Organ/metabolism Brain Chemoreception Mammals Olfactory system; |
| Notes: | "MedlineKondoh, Daisuke Kawai, Yusuke K Watanabe, Kenichi Muranishi, Yuki eng Scotland 2022/07/08 Tissue Cell. 2022 Aug; 77:101863. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101863. Epub 2022 Jun 30" |
